Psychologists suggest that to cure cruelty

1. The spirit of enterprise

1. 
   is the extra quality that few men in history have had
   
2. 
   exists as an instinct to the same degree in all people
   
3. 
   is the characteristic common to all achievers
   
4. 
   has developed over the course of evolution
   

2. According to the writer,

1. 
   to explore and discover is instinctive in man
   
2. 
   most people are bold and energetic
   
3. 
   there have been many eccentric people in world history
   
4. 
   early endeavors were typically risky, or even worthless
   

3. Many of those possessing the "spirit of enterprise"

1. 
   lived in the past, when mankind needed many things to survive
   
2. 
   took courage from the support they were given
   
3. 
   were sometimes overcome by opposition from society
   

D) were appreciated only after they achieved success

At the Congress of Paris in 1894, the control and development of the modern Olympic Games was entrusted to the International Olympic Committee - the IOC - with headquarters to be established in Switzerland. Today the committee is responsible for maintaining the regular celebration of the Olympic Games; seeing that the Games are carried out in the spirit that inspired their revival; and promoting the development of amateur sport throughout the world. The original committee in 1894 consisted of 14 members in addition to Pierre Coubertin - the leader of the movement aiming to restart the Olympic Games of ancient Greece - and since then, membership has been self-perpetuating. Convinced that the downfall of the ancient Olympic Games had been caused by outside influences that undermined the spirit of the Games, Coubertin felt that the revived Games would go the same way unless they were in the hands of people whose concern was to keep the spirit of amateur sport alive and who were responsible in no way to any outside influences. Thus, IOC members are regarded as ambassadors from the IOC to their national sports organizations. They are in no sense delegates to the committee and may not accept from the government of their country, or from any organization or individual, any instructions that in any way affect their independence. The IOC is a permanent organization that elects its own members. Each member - the present membership is about 70 - must speak French or English and be a citizen of or reside in a country that has a National Olympic Committee. With very few exceptions, there is only one member from any one country. Members were originally elected for life, but anyone elected after 1965 must retire at the age of 75.