Of state. Contents and Concepts 1. Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Changes of State

11.3 Phase Diagrams

As we mentioned in the chapter opening, the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of carbon dioxide exist under different temperature and pressure conditions. A phase diagram is a graphical way to summarize the conditions under which the different states of a substance are stable.

Melting-Point Curve

Figure 11.11 is a phase diagram for water. It consists of three curves that divide the diagram into regions labeled “solid,” “liquid,” and “gas.” In each region, the indicated state is stable. Every point on each of the curves indicates experimentally determined temperatures d pressures at which two states are in equilibrium. Thus, the curve