Navoiy davlat konchilik instituti kimyo metallurgiya fakulteti

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Кимё мажмуа 2019

Elektroliz

– elektr toki ta'sirida elektrolit eritmalarda yoki suyuqlanmalarda boradigan oksidlanish-qaytarilish jarayoni

Glossary

The atomic particle is the smallest element of the chemical element

The chemical formula demonstrates the following.

1) The name of the item

2) Its 1 molecule

3) What elements are in the item

4) How many elements each molecule contains

5) The molecular mass of matter

Valency is the ability to attach or place an atom of a certain number of atoms in another element.

Bill of Quantities Restricted The mass of chemical reagents is equal to the mass of the resulting chemicals.

Consistency law Prust - Regardless of the way it is used for any pure substance, its quality and its quantitative composition are the same

The law of equivalents (the German scientist is referred to as the equivalent of the Richter Element (n) equivalent to the amount of atomic nucleus or in the chemical reactions to the same amount of n (n).

Avogadro's law (Italian scientist) - In the same conditions, the number of molecules in equal volumes of different gases is the same.

It follows from this law. Gram molecules of different gases occupy one dimensional volume under the same conditions P - proton (positive charge particle) N - neutron (electron particle Electromagnetic (E.m) is called electromagnetic reflection of how much of a atom's atomic electron fraction can be extracted

The energy of contact.

The energy needed to break off the gas is called energy. It is determined by E and measured in kJ / mol and kcal / mol

The length of the Big.

The length of the garden is determined by the letter r and is measured

Valentine's Corner.

The angle between the chemical bonds is called the valve angle

The order of connection.

The number of connections between the atoms in the intermediate chemical gardens is primary, secondary (triangle), tricycle, and, in some cases,

There will be existents Covalent bonding is the result of electronic pairs.

Covalent bond with box.

Covalent bonding between atoms of different elements that are different from their electromagnetic compatibility is called instantaneous connection.

The number of charge-free ions in which an ion is located is called the coordination number of the ion (k.s). The metallic atomic ions on its metal atoms and the electrons in the crystal lattice are called metal bonding.

The system is a part of the space bounded by the boundary from the outside, characterized by its concentration -C,

energy -E,

pressure-P,

size-V (parameters) of its (component)

Entrap of the system - as a result of reactions of the aggregate states of the substances, the degree of "irregularity" of the system changes.

The rate of chemical reactions is proportionate to the concentration of the reactants.

The principle of Vant Goff - When the temperature flow increases by 10 °, the reaction rate increases about 2 to 4 times.

This is determined by the following formula identified by the experiment. t 2 = t1t 2 - t 1 10 Catalysts are chemicals that are separated by reacting, changing its velocity and reacting after it has retained its status

Recycling processes - some of the reagent substances turn into rigidity, while the reaction products are transformed into reagents.

Dispersing systems - are microgetherogenic systems formed in a substance (medium) from very small particles (dispersed) (disperses - spread, scattered, crushed). Very fine dispersing systems.

In these systems, the particle radius is 10-8 cm, and the substance is dissolved in the ionic or molecular dispersion environment.

Chin (true) solutions - particles in the system can not be seen even by a microscope.

They are extremely fine dispersive systems.

Solution is a homogeneous system consisting of two or more components

Solid melt - alloys with different composition of metals Gaseous solutions include air (nitrogen, oxygen and other gases), and mixtures of other gases

The solubility of the material is that of the amount of grams dissolved in the 100g solution at the same temperature

The concentration of the solution - the size of the solution in a volume or mass, indicating the amount of dissolved substance. and the C - letter.

Molyar concentration. One liter - is expressed by the number of moths obtained in gamma dissolved in the solution. M is marked with the letter

M 1 1000 Sm = ---------------- (in V - milliliters) M r V Interest rate

Simple matter is a type of chemical element that can be readily available. Sophisticated substance - Finds steals from two or more elements that are attached in certain proportions.

Substance - a matter that is restricted to space in space.

Energy - measure of body movement.

Bertoles are compounds of varying content Daltonides - Substitute compounds Allotropy is the phenomenon of the formation of two or more simple substances in a particular chemical element Atomic weight is the weight of the element atoms in the carbon unit.

Molecular Weakness is the weight of the substance molecule expressed in the carbon unit Gramm atom is an amount equal to the atomic weight of an element and the sum obtained in grams.

Gramm is a molecule that is equivalent to the molecular weight of the substance in grams.

Gram equivalence is the amount obtained in grams equal to the equivalent weight of the item.

Group - is a series of identical elements located in a single vertical row The period is one of the elements ranging from each of the alkali metals to the halogens.

Mass Mass is the whole number representing the mass of atomic nucleus in carbon unity. The heritial element is the type of atoms that combines certain properties, the type of atoms that are the same as those of the nuclei Isomers - atomic weights are equivalent to each other, but are different elements of nuclear charge. Isotopes are the same, but nuclear weights are different from each other.

Thermohyme is a part of the energy phenomenon that occurs during chemical reactions

Exothermic reaction - reaction with heat output.

Endothermic reaction - reaction with absorption

Valency is the ability of an element to attach the specific element of another element Molecule is the smallest particle that can be present independently Connection energy - the amount of energy needed to break off the chemical bond.

Ions are particles that are formed by electron donating or receiving electrons or molecules

Free radicals - particles with unsaturated tension

The phosphorus is a homogeneous part that separates the rest of the system from boundary surfaces

Recycling is a two-way process Geterogen system is a system of substance separated from one another

Solution is a gomogen system consisting of two or more components

Catalyst is a chemical that does not change the rate of reaction but reacts as a chemical

Titr is the weight of the solvent found in 1 milliliters of the solution

Electrolytes - substances that absorb the electrical current or liquids.

Cations are positively charged ions

Anions - negatively charged ions

Eutrophy is the property of a solvent in the solvent

Diffusion is the uneven distribution of particles in two substances

Indicators - the color depending on the concentration of hydrogen ions in color

Oxidation is the process of electron acceptance into an atom, molecule or ion

The oxidant is a particle that receives electrons

The receptor is an atom, molecule or ion that transmits its own electrons

Corrosion - degradation of metals by the solutions of air, water, acids, alkalis and salts Inhibitors are metal decomposable substances

Oxidation - The process of producing corrosion-resistant oxide curbs on metal surfaces

Hydrides - an element in the composition and hydrogen combinations

Combustion - a quick oxidation process with heat and light emission

Phosphorescence - phenomenon of darkness of matter;

Ruda is a rock that is a natural compound of metals

Electrolysis - oxidation-reduction process in electrolyte solutions or fluids under influence of electric current

MUSTAQIL TA’LIM MAVZULARI

1. Modda tuzilishi (atom tuzilishi, kimyoviy bog‘lanish va qattiq modda kimyosi).

2. Kimyoviy kinetika va muvozanat.

3. Eritmalar.

4. Elektrokimyoviy jarayonlar.

5. Termokimyo.

6. Elektrolit eritmalarda o‘rin – almashinish reaksiyalari.

7. Tuzlarni gidrolizi, gidroliz darajasi va konstantasini aniqlashga masalalar yechish.

8. Oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyalari.