Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

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ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, DEVELOPMENT:  THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
 11.3.2.  Environmental legislation instruments
Binding  regulatory  requirements  are also called standards. 
Often they are regarded as the core of environ mental law, because 
they, as the means of ‘command and control’, directly set forth cer-
tain requirements (standards) for environ ment-polluting activities, 
sub stances and products, as well as for the implementation and appli-
cation of environ mental regulations. There are several categories 
of standards: emission standards for the permissible pollution that 
can be released from the end-of-pipe of industrial facilities into the 
environ ment; the environ mental quality standards for such environ-
mental components as air, surface and ground water and soil; 
standards for different processes, requiring the use or abandonment 
of specific technologies, materials or practices. For example, there 
are requirements to use the ‘best available technologies’ in cellulose 
production, or specific fishing gear and dragnets with specific mesh 
sizes  in  fishery.  Likewise,  specific  environ mental  standards  are 
established for the production, use and disposal of various products; 
for example, the environ mental requirements for fuel, laundry 
detergents and electronic appliances.