Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

Figure 7.27. 
Air 
pollution effects on 
human health during 
the London smog 
in December 1952, 
London. 
Sulfur and nitrogen 
oxide emission growth 
leads to the situation 
when, as they oxidize 
in the atmosphere, the 
respective acids are 
formed and the pH of 
precipitation may drop 
down even to pH ~2‑3. 
The term ‘acid rains’ 
appeared as early as in 
1872. 

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7. AIR POLLUTION
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the continent, ocean and sea surfaces. Initially, the water vapour 
reaching the atmo sphere condenses to form water droplets or ice 
crystals. Condensation takes place around condensation centres, 
which  typically  can  be  aerosol  particles.  At  the  same  time,  the 
substances that exist in the condensation centre affect rain and snow 
water content. Another important factor influencing the composition 
of atmo spheric precipitation is the gases in the atmo sphere, which 
have the capacity to dissolve in water. As a result of anthropogenic 
contamination the composition of atmo spheric precipitation changes 
considerably. Acidification of precipitation typically manifests itself 
not only as a pH decrease, but also as a change of the relation 
between the different ions and sulfate content increase. However, the 
most typical anthropogenic pollution influence on the composition 
of precipitation takes the form of acidification.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Latvia
Germany
Austria
Sweden
Netherland
UK
Lithuani
a
Finlan
d
Denmar
k
Poland
Estoni
a
Irelan
d
Bulgaria
Kg/per 
capita
Alkaline
Neutral
Acidic
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14
Sulfuric 
acid
Lemon 
juice
Tomato
juice
Distilled
water
Sodium 
hydrogen 
carbonate
Boraq
Ammonia
water
Lime
water
Acid rain
Milk
Rain water
Sea water
Vinegar