Morphological structure of a word. Classification of Morphemes



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eng exam шпора (1)

forms of address: sir, madam, mister, mistress, master, servant.

  • names of some meals: dinner, supper, (while “breakfast” remained native).

  • names of some dishes: here the words “beef, veal, mutton, pork, bacon, are absolutely different from the names of the animals from whose meat they are cooked (which remained native English words): ox, cow, calf, sheep, swine.

    2. The Parisian period of French borrowings was significant by development in science, art & culture in all European countries. Besides this was a period of extensive cultural contacts between the major European states. The most significant were French borrowings. This time they came from the Parisian dialect of French & are known as Parisian borrowings.
    e.g. regime, routine, police, machine, ballet, matinee, scene, technique.
    The influx of French words continued in the late 15th & in the late 17th c. These French borrowings mainly pertain to diplomatic relations, social life, art & fashion. French remained the international language of diplomacy for several hundred years; Paris led the fashion in dress, food & in social life & to a certain extent in art & literature; finally, the political events in France in the 18-19th c. were of world-wide significance.
    Examples of diplomatic terms are: attaché, communiqué, dossier; social life: ball, café, coquette, hotel, picnic, restaurant; art: ballet, ensemble, essay, genre;
    military terms are: brigade, maneuver, marine, police;
    fashions in dress & food: blouse, corsage, cravat, champagne, menu, soup.
    Words of miscellaneous character are: comrade, detail, entrance, fatigue, garage, machine, moustache, progress, ticket.
    Most of these words haven’t been assimilated in E., retaining their spelling, the sounds & the position of the stress.

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