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Approaches to teaching language systems for communication Analysing phonological activities Handout 2, Activity 1
Questions
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Activity 1
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Activity 2
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Activity 3
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Activity 4
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1. What is the focus of the activity (intonation, stress, rhythm, discrete sounds, etc.)?
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2. Does it promote the relationship between
phonology and meaning?
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3. What other skills are practiced in the activity?
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4.Other
comments
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4. What would you like to change in the activity?
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©British Council 2013
Lesson Plans Year 2
Module:
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DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
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Topic:
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References (anaphoric, cataphoric and exophoric)
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Time:
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80 minutes
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Aim:
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to raise students’ awareness of types of references and their use in discourse
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Materials used:
Carter R., McCarthy M. (1997) Exploring Spoken English. Cambridge: CUP.
Cook G. (1995) Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press
McCarthy M. (1991) Discourse Analysis for Language Teacher. Cambridge Language
Teaching Library: CUP.
Warm up (15 minutes)
Ask students what they remember of pronouns. Elicit that a pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. Pronouns can be personal (e.g., I, you, he, we), demonstrative (e.g., this, that), interrogative (e.g., what, which, how), indefinite (e.g., none, some, several), possessive (e.g., his, your, their), reciprocal (e.g., each other, one another), relative (e.g., which, where), reflexive (e.g. itself, himself).
Tell students that now you will play a game to check how well they know pronouns.
Invite students to stand and form a circle.
Tell students that you will read a poem. Instruct them to clap their hands every time they hear a pronoun.
Read the poem slowly.
Whatif
from the book ”A Light in the Attic” (1981) by Shel Silverstein
Last night, while I lay thinking here, some Whatifs crawled inside my ear and pranced and partied all night long and sang their same old Whatif song: Whatif I'm dumb in school?
Whatif they've closed the swimming pool? Whatif I get beat up?
Whatif there's poison in my cup? Whatif I start to cry?
Whatif I get sick and die?
Whatif I flunk that test?
Whatif green hair grows on my chest?
Whatif nobody likes me?
Whatif a bolt of lightning strikes me?
Whatif I don't grow taller?
Whatif my head starts getting smaller? Whatif the fish won't bite?
Whatif the wind tears up my kite? Whatif they start a war?
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©British Council 2013
Lesson Plans Year 2
Whatif my parents get divorced?
Whatif the bus is late?
Whatif my teeth don't grow in straight?
Whatif I tear my pants?
Whatif I never learn to dance?
Everything seems well, and then the nighttime Whatifs strike again!
^ Please note that pronouns are indicated in bold for you. Check if students clap their hands when they hear those words.
Now tell students that you are going to complicate the rules. Students will have to clap their hands if they hear personal pronouns, snap for possessive pronouns, wave for interrogative, stomp for indefinite pronouns, show their index finger(s) for demonstrative pronouns. Write down these rules on the board:
Personal pronouns - clap your hands Possessive pronouns - snap Interrogative pronouns - wave Indefinite pronouns - stomp your feet Demonstrative pronouns - show the index finger
Read the poem once more and check students’ responses. Answers are given for you in parenthesis.
Last night, while I (clap) lay thinking here, some (stomp) Whatifs (wave) crawled inside my (snap) ear and pranced and partied all night long and sang their(snap) same old Whatif(wave) song: Whatif (wave) I'm (clap) dumb in school? Whatif(wave) they've (clap) closed the swimming pool? Whatif(wave) I (clap) get beat up? Whatif(wave) there's poison in my (snap)cup? Whatif(wave) I (clap) start to cry? Whatif(wave) I (clap) get sick and die? Whatif(wave)I (clap) flunk that (index finger test? Whatif(wave) green hair grows on my (snap)chest? Whatif(wave) nobody (stomp) likes me(clap)? Whatif(wave) a bolt of lightning strikes me(clap)? Whatif(wave) I (clap) don't grow taller? Whatif(wave) my (snap)head starts getting smaller? Whatif(wave) the fish won't bite?
Whatif(wave) the wind tears up my(snap) kite?
Whatif(wave) they (clap) start a war? Whatif(wave) my(snap) parents get divorced? Whatif(wave) the bus is late?
Whatif(wave) my(snap) teeth don't grow in straight? Whatif(wave) I (clap) tear my (snap)pants? Whatif(wave) I (clap) never learn to dance? Everything(stomp) seems well, and then the nighttime Whatifs(wave) strike again!
Activity 1 Types of reference
Objective: to introduce types of referencing devices Time: 15 minutes
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