|
Figure 2 - Model of personal adaptations
As can be seen from the diagram, four of the six adaptations are located in only one quadrant, and two are located at the intersection of two quadrants. The reasons for this arrangement will be discussed below.
In continuation of the general description of the concept, we would like to raise the following question: how well is this model confirmed by real observations and evidence?
V. Joines describes a study he conducted to create a tool for determining personal adaptation [ Joines , Stewart , 2002, pp. 214-219]. The process took place in several stages, as a result, a questionnaire was obtained, consisting of 72 statements describing behavior typical for a certain adaptation (12 statements for each adaptation) and with the veracity of which the participants in the study could agree or disagree about themselves. Based on the results of processing the data obtained (268 people took part in the first stage, 1500 in the second), V. Joines came to the conclusion that “there is convincing evidence of the existence of six personality adaptations in reality” [ Joines , Stewart , 2002 , C. 22].
T. Kayler, in describing personal adaptations in his dissertation research [ Kahler , 1972], also relies on a statistical analysis of respondents' answers to a questionnaire he developed, which includes a description of six personal adaptations. He developed a tool called Transactional analysis Script profile [ Kahler , 1997a , 1997b ], according to which, by January 1999, profiles had been compiled for "more than 500,000 people, in more than 20 countries, in 10 different languages, using reliable and reliable scales" [ Kahler , 1999 ]. This study, according to T. Keiler, also serves as proof of the existence of six personal adaptations as manifestations of personality.
However, as with many models of personality, critical remarks were also made regarding the model of personal adaptations by V. Joins and Process therapy Model T. Kyler. So, for example, K . Tudor and M. _ Widdowson [ Tudor , Widdowson , 2008] highlight the following shortcomings of these concepts:
1. They attempt to present an absolute understanding of how people adapt in life.
2. They are too simplistic.
3. At the same time, they are too complicated.
4. They do not take into account recent research in the field of child development.
5. They tend to be diagnosing (i.e. diagnosing) and prescriptive.
6. They maintain an individualized view of the person apart from interaction with the environment in general and with the therapist in particular.
The answer to the mentioned criticism was given by V. Joines in his article [ Joines , 2011], however, the possibility of ending the controversy regarding the concept of personal adaptations is doubtful.4
There is also another aspect that supports the model. This is the application of its results in practice. V. Joines [ Joines , Stewart , 2002] points out that if the process of counseling or therapy based on the assumptions put forward by the model gives a predictable result, this means that the model is confirmed by practice and can be accepted as working. Ultimately, the decision to use the concept remains with the consultant, as well as the responsibility for the consequences of such application.
1.2 Features of personal adaptations according to P. Ware and V. Joins
the main provisions and models of the concept of personal adaptations, we can give a brief description of each of the adaptations according to the following criteria [ Joines , Stewart , 2002]:
1. Style of interpersonal relationships (involved/avoidant)
Does the person prefer to be associated with others, especially in groups? Or is he trying to avoid multiple social contacts? It is worth noting that "avoidance" does not always mean loneliness. Sometimes this means a preference for interacting with others one-on-one or in small groups.
2. Problem solving style (active/passive)
Is the person prone to active actions in solving emerging problems? Does he like to look for ways to resolve difficult situations on his own? Or does he prefer to wait for others to take action?
3. Positive traits of adaptation
When defining this or that feature as positive, V. Joins and I. Stewart rely on their experience as practicing consultants and assessments of their clients with one or another adaptation, as well as on the opinion of their environment.
4. Problem areas
A description of the typical ways in which a member of a particular adaptation experiences difficulties.
5. The most important issues to be worked out in counseling and therapy
Since each person is unique, the problems that he works with in the process of counseling and therapy are unique to him. But experience shows that representatives of one adaptation often face similar problems. Therefore, such knowledge provides a first idea of what issues may be affected in the process of individual change.
Let's consider each of the adaptations in more detail based on the descriptions given by P. Ware [ Ware , 1983], V. Joines and I. Stewart [ Joines , Stewart , 2002; Stewart, Joines, 2016], as well as life observations.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
