1.
Waqidi: p. 58.
2.
For an explanation of the dates of the siege and conquest of Damascus, see Note 11 in
Appendix B.
Chapter 31
(The Unkind Cut)
Page 1
"Praise be to Allah who decreed death upon Abu Bakr, who was more beloved to me
than Umar. Praise be to Allah who gave authority to Umar, who was less beloved to me
than Abu Bakr, and compelled me to love him."
[Khalid ibn al-Walid, upon breaking the news of Abu Bakr's death to his army.]
Created by PDF Generator (http://www.alientools.com), to remove this mark, please register the software.
"You have done deeds which no-one has done, but people do nothing, for Allah is the
Doer."
[Arabian poet, quoted by Umar to Khalid]
1
In Madinah, as the old Caliph lay dying, the sent for writing materials and wrote an order:
After him Umar would be the Caliph and the Believers would swear allegiance to him.
This was the last order of Abu Bakr.
On August 22, 634 (22nd Jamadi-ul-Akhir, 13 Hijri), Abu Bakr died and Umar became
Caliph. On the same day the new Caliph issued his first order: Khalid was dismissed from
the command of the Muslim army in Syria! He wrote to Abu Ubaidah as follows:
In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful.
I urge upon you the fear of Allah who lives eternally while everything else perishes; who
has guided us away from wrongdoing and taken us out of darkness into light.
I appoint you commander of the army of Khalid bin Al Waleed. So take charge as is your
duty.
Send not the Muslims to their destruction for the sake of plunder; and place not the
Muslims in a camp without reconnoitring it and knowing what is there.
Send not expeditions except in properly organised units. And beware of taking any steps
which may lead to the annihilation of the Muslims.
Allah has tried me with you and tried you with me. Guard against the temptations of this
world lest they destroy you as they have destroyed others before you; and you have seen
how they felt.
2
The letter was given to a messenger with instructions to proceed to Syria and hand it
personally to Abu Ubaidah.
The next day Umar led the congregational prayer in the mosque of the Prophet. When the
prayer was over, he addressed the congregation-the first public address of his caliphate.
He started by praising Allah and invoking His blessings on the Prophet; then he
continued:
"Lo! The Arab is like a camel which follows its master and waits for him
wherever it is made to sit. And by the Lord of the Kabah, I shall carry you on the right
path."
In the rest of his sermon he emphasised various virtues and duties enjoined upon
Muslims, and pledged to do his best to further the interests of Islam. Coming to the end
of his sermon, he informed the congregation that he had removed Khalid from the
command of the army in Syria and appointed Abu Ubaidah in his place.
This announcement was received by the Muslims in hushed silence. Everyone knew that
in the heart of Umar there was little love for Khalid, but none had expected Umar to act
so harshly against the Sword of Allah, and in such haste, especially after the great
victories which Khalid had won for Islam during the last three years. However, Umar was
a much feared, albeit respected man, and few would dare to cross him. Moreover, as
Caliph he had the authority to appoint and dismiss commanders as he chose, and his
Created by PDF Generator (http://www.alientools.com), to remove this mark, please register the software.
decision had to be accepted and obeyed. All remained silent, with a silence more eloquent
than words.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |