ACTIVE VOCABULARY
1. higher education [edju'kei∫ən] высшее образование
2. higher educational institution высшее учебное заведение
3. higher engineering school [,endзi'niərin] высшее техническое учебное заведение, высшее инженерное училище; higher school высшее учебное заведение, институт
4. found [faund] v основывать
5. need specialists ['spe∫əlists] нуждаться в специалистах
6. local conditions ['loukəl kan'dijanz] местные условия
EXERCISES
1. Read these words.
pre-revolutionary ['prireva'lurjnan] дореволюционный, privilege ['pri:revə’lu:∫nəri] привилегия, Europe ['juərəp], own [oun] собственный, solve [sכlv] решать (проблему).
2. Answer these questions.
1. How many higher educational institutions did pre-revolutionary Russia have? 2. When were the first higher engineering schools founded in Russia? 3. When did railway construction begin in Russia? 4. Where and when was the oldest Railway Transport Institute founded?
3. Translate these word combinations (a) into Russian: the development of higher education, a higher educational institution, to found a higher engineering school, to need railway engineers, to know local conditions;
(b) into English:
высшее образование в дореволюционной России, высшее учебное заведение, основать институт железнодорожного транспорта, высшее инженерное училище, нуждаться в специалистах железнодорожного транспорта.
4. Make up sentences using these words and word combinations.
1. pre-revolutionary Russia, 105 higher educational institutions, had; 2. was the privilege, higher education, of the rich classes; 3. the first higher engineering schools, in Russia, at the beginning of the 18th century, were founded; 4. in Russia, began, railway construction, in 1838; 5. its own specialists, needed, Russia; 6. in 1809, was founded, the oldest Railway Transport Institute, in St. Petersburg; 7. the largest among railway transport institutes, the Moscow Railway Transport Institute, is; 8. was founded, in 1896, it.
5. Ask your friend:
1. if pre-revolutionary Russia had many higher educational institutions; 2. if young people from the working class families could study at higher educational institutions; 3. if the engineers from Western Europe knew the local conditions in Russia; 4. if the first railway in Russia was built in 1838; 5. if it was built in hard conditions; 6. if the engineers from the St. Petersburg Railway Transport Institute solved all the problems successfully; 7. if the St. Petersburg Railway Transport Institute is the oldest among the railway transport institutes in our country; 8. if the Moscow Railway Transport Institute is one of the largest higher educational institutions in the country.
6. Make a short report on higher education in pre-revolutionary Russia.
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