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u: but, nut, pun, gun, bun
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
NOANIQ HOZIRGI ZAMON FE‘LI
НАСТОЯЩЕЕ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЁННОЕ ВРЕМЯ
Noaniq hozirgi zamon fe‘li (Present Indefinite Tense) ish-harakatni doim takrorlanib turishini va doimiy bo'lib turadigan harakat va holni ifodalaydi. Noaniq hozirgi zamon fe‘li barcha shaxslar uchun fe‘llarning 1-asosiy formasidan tuzilib, fe‘l oxiriga hech qanday shaxs qo'shimchasi qo'shilmaydi; faqat 3-shaxs birlikda asosiy shaklining oxiriga -s, -es qo'shiladi, o'zbek tilida esa, har bir shaxs uchun alohida qo'shimcha ishlatiladi. Masalan, to work fe’lining Present Indefinite da tuslanishi quyidagicha:
Noaniq hozirgi zamonda 3-shaxs birlikda fe‘lning oxiriga qo'shilgan shaxs qo'shimchasi –e, -es jarangsiz tovushlardan keyin [s], jarangli va unlilardan keyin [z] deb talaffuz qilinadi.
Sh, ch, ss kabi harf birikmalari va x harfidan keyin faqat –es qo'shimchasi qo'shiladi va [iz] tarzida talaffuz qilinadi.
To work – works [w :ks] to box – boxes [b ksiz]
To bring - brings [briŋz] to wash – washes [w ∫iz]
Gaplarning so'roq va bo'lishsiz shakli yordamchi do fe‘l bilan yasaladi, 3-shaxs birlikda does ishlatiladi. Gapdagi asosiy fe‘l hamma shaxslarda ham to yuklamasi tushirib qoldirilgan infinitiv shaklida bo'ladi.
Bo'lishli shakli So'roq shakli Bo'lishsiz shakli
I work Do I work? I do not work
You work Do you work? You do not work
He (she, it) works Does he (she, it) work? He (she, it) do not
work. We do not work
We work Do we work? You do not work
You work Do you work?
They work Do they work? They do not work
Do you work?
Do they work?
Bunday so'roq gaplarga qisqa javob beriladi. Bo'lishli javobda Yes (ha) so'zi, ega va do (does) yordamchi fe‘li qo'llaniladi. Bo'lishsiz javobda No (yo'q) so'zi, egа, do (does) yordamchi fe‘li va not inkor yuklamasi ishlatiladi.
Yes, I do. No, I do not.
Yes, he (she, it) does. No, he (she, it) does not.
Yes, we do. No, we do not.
Yes, you do. No, you do not.
Yes, they do. No, they do not.
Qisqa javoblarning shakli do not – don't, does not – doesn't. Present Indefinite Tense ni ko'pincha every day (week, month, year), always, usually so'zlari ko'rsatadi.
Present Indefinite употребляется для выражения действия обычного, постоянного, свойственного подлежащему, т. е. действия, происходящего вообще, а не в момент действия. Present Inefinite совпадает с формой инфинитива (без частицы to) во всех лицах, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, принимающего окончание -s: to work - I (we, you, they) work, he works.
Окончание -s 3-го лица единственного числа произносится после звонких согласных и гласных - [z] , а после глухих согласных - [s]:
He reads [ri:dz]. He sees [si:z] He works [w :ks]
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на ss, ch, sh, x (т. е. на шипящие или свистящие согласные звуки), принимают в 3-м лице единственного числа окончание - es, которое произносится [iz]:
I pass – he passes ['pa:siz] I dress – he dresses ['dresiz]
I teach – he teaches ['ti:t∫iz] I wish – he wishes ['wi ∫iz]
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -y с предшествующей согласной, меняют в 3-м лице единственного числа y на i и принимают окончание -es:
I cry – he cries [kraiz]. I carry – he carries ['k riz]
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на –y с предшествующей гласной, образуют 3-лицо единственного числа по общему правилy, т. е. прибавлением -s: I play – he plays [pleiz].
Глаголы to go, to do принимают в 3-м лице единственного числа окончание -es:
He goes [gouz], he does [d z].
Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в настоящем времени (do со всеми лицами, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, с которым употребляется does) и формы инфинитива (без to) смыслового глагола, причем вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:
Do I work? Does he (she) work?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в настоящем времени(do, does), частицы и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без to):
I do not work. He does not work.
Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I work
He (she, it) works
We work You work They work Do I work? Does he (she, it) works?
Do we work? Do you work? Do they work? I do not work
He (she, it) does not
work
We do not work You do not work They do not work
На вопросы обычно даются краткие ответы:
Yes, I do. No, I do not.
Yes, he (she, it) does. No, he (she, it) does not.
Yes, we do. No, we do not.
Yes, you do. No, you do not.
Yes, they do. No, they do not.
do not = don't, does not = doesn't.
Ex. 1. Read the words paying attention to the pronunciation –s, -es.
I see. She sees. She see it. I spend. He spends. He spends it. I keep. It keeps. It keeps it. I fix. It fixes. It fixes it. I feel. She feels. She feels it. I make. He makes, he makes it. I miss. She misses him. I meet him. She meets him.
Ex. 2. Select the right form of the verbs.
1. Every day I (get, gets) up at 7 o'clock. 2. Ann (live, lives) near the Institute. 3. (Do, does) he go to the University? 4. We (speak, speaks) English for a long time. 5. Our scientists (examine, examines) a new method. 6. When (do, does) you go to the University?
Ex. 3. Use the Present Indefinite.
1. My friend … in Samarkand (to live). 2. Nigora's father … at the plant (to work). 3. My sister … at the Institute (to study). 4. Karima … her book and … to read (to begin, to open). 5. Olim … on the blackboard (to write).
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences.
1. It often snows in winter. 2. He goes to the Institute every day. 3. She gets up at 7 o’clock on Monday’s. 4. My brother studies at the Institute. 5. He wants to go to school. 6. She goes to the Institute with her friends.
7. The academic year at the Institute begins on the second of September.
8. Summer is a pleasant season. 9. Autumn is a very beautiful season. 10. Some people like to have their vacations in autumn. 11. September is the first month of autumn. 12. Many people like autumn in Uzbekistan.
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