G u I d e L i n e s m a n u a L s a n d g u I d e L i n e s

2.1. Content and structure of the CLA 

The CLA is a taxonomic coding system for learning activities. Learning activities can encompass one 

or more single learning activities (SLAs). 

2.2. Primary statistical unit used in the CLA 

Each learning activity can be classified as only one of the three broad categories of learning (formal 

education, non-formal education or informal learning). This is done based on the operational criteria 

explained in previous sections of this manual. 

* Formal education 

The primary statistical unit for formal education is the educational programme as defined by ISCED.  

The central or main SLA of formal education is ‘taught learning’ (face-to-face or distance). 

* Non-formal education 

The primary statistical unit for non-formal education are institutionalised learning arrangements for 

learning one or more subjects. These arrangements can take the form of courses, non-formal 

education programmes or any arrangements where the central or main SLA is institutionalised and 

taught (face-to-face or distance).