|
Berilgan konsentratsiya, %
|
Eritmaning zichligi, g/ml
|
t,°S
|
1
|
AgNO3
|
40
|
1,668
|
18
|
2
|
AlCl3
|
30
|
1,242
|
18
|
3
|
Al2(SO4)3
|
20
|
1,226
|
20
|
4
|
BaCl2
|
10
|
1,092
|
20
|
5
|
BeCl2
|
14
|
1,095
|
18
|
6
|
CaBr2
|
25
|
1,250
|
20
|
7
|
CaCl2
|
50
|
1,282
|
25
|
8
|
Ca(NO3)2
|
30
|
1,259
|
18
|
9
|
AgNO3
|
20
|
1,668
|
18
|
10
|
AlCl3
|
10
|
1,242
|
18
|
11
|
Al2(SO4)3
|
14
|
1,226
|
20
|
12
|
BaCl2
|
25
|
1,092
|
20
|
13
|
BeCl2
|
50
|
1,095
|
18
|
14
|
CaBr2
|
30
|
1,250
|
20
|
15
|
CaCl2
|
20
|
1,282
|
25
|
16
|
Ca(NO3)2
|
10
|
1,259
|
18
|
17
|
AgNO3
|
14
|
1,668
|
18
|
18
|
AlCl3
|
25
|
1,242
|
18
|
19
|
Al2(SO4)3
|
50
|
1,226
|
20
|
20
|
BaCl2
|
30
|
1,092
|
20
|
21
|
BeCl2
|
40
|
1,095
|
18
|
22
|
CaBr2
|
30
|
1,250
|
20
|
23
|
CaCl2
|
20
|
1,282
|
25
|
24
|
Ca(NO3)2
|
10
|
1,259
|
18
|
25
|
Al2(SO4)3
|
55
|
1,226
|
22
|
26
|
BaCl2
|
15
|
1,092
|
22
|
6. A va V moddalardan hosil bo‘lgan eritmaning molyar qismi, molyar, molyal va normal konsentratsiyalarini aniqlang.
№
|
A modda konsentratsiyasi, %
|
Moddalar
|
T, K
|
Eritmaning zichligi (103 kg/m3)
|
A
|
V
|
1
|
97
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
323
|
2,628
|
2
|
94
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
313
|
2,566
|
3
|
91
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
313
|
2,485
|
4
|
87
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
313
|
2,340
|
5
|
80
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
313
|
2,106
|
6
|
73
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
313
|
1,938
|
7
|
63
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
313
|
1,725
|
8
|
45
|
CBr3CHO
|
H2O
|
313
|
1,476
|
9
|
72
|
C6H5(SO3H)
|
H2O
|
298
|
1,281
|
10
|
66
|
C6H5(SO3H)
|
H2O
|
298
|
1,256
|
11
|
61
|
C6H5(SO3H)
|
H2O
|
298
|
1,235
|
12
|
80
|
C6H3(OH)3
|
H2O
|
293
|
1,208
|
13
|
62
|
(CH2)4O2
|
H2O
|
293
|
1,041
|
14
|
57
|
C10H8
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,992
|
15
|
50
|
C10H8
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,968
|
16
|
43
|
C10H8
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,945
|
17
|
80
|
C6H14
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,765
|
18
|
60
|
C6H14
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,741
|
19
|
40
|
C6H14
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,719
|
20
|
20
|
C6H14
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,692
|
21
|
25
|
C6H14
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,692
|
22
|
85
|
C6H3(OH)3
|
H2O
|
293
|
1,208
|
23
|
67
|
(CH2)4O2
|
H2O
|
293
|
1,041
|
24
|
60
|
C10H8
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,992
|
25
|
55
|
C10H8
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,968
|
26
|
48
|
C10H8
|
CH3COCH3
|
293
|
0,945
|
7. A moddadan iborat qattiq va suyuq holatdagi sistema to‘yingan bug‘ bosimining haroratga bog‘liq o‘zgarish qiymatlari asosida quyidagilarni:
a) T – R bog‘lanish grafigini chizing va shunday nuqta toping;
b) o‘rtacha ΔNbug‘ ni toping;
v) dT/dP qiymatini suyuqlanish jarayoni uchun hisoblang;
g) P (N/m2) bosimda moddaning suyuqlanish haroratini aniqlang.
№
|
Qattiq holatda
|
Suyuq holatda
|
SHaroiti
|
T, K
|
P, N/m2
|
T, K
|
P, N/m2
|
1
|
268,2
269,2
270,2
271,2
272,2
|
401,2
437,2
475,9
517,2
553,2
|
269,2
271,2
273,9
275,2
278,2
299,2
|
505
533
573
656
760
1600
|
M=18
R=40,5*105
dqat=918
dsuyuq=1000
|
2
|
248
254,4
258
259
260
|
7998
13300
17995
19995
23327
|
260
265
270
278
280
282
|
23300
27190
31860
40290
40555
47990
|
M=27
R=800*105
dqat=718
dsuyuq=709
|
3
|
196
203
213
220
|
101325
190491
402360
648480
|
212
220
223
241
242
|
592751
648480
674824
1065237
1131722
|
M=44
R=750*105
dqat=1542
dsuyuq=1510
|
4
|
230
233
237
240
243
245
|
26260
31458
39990
49987
58518
66650
|
236
246
248
249
251
252
|
63315
78647
83979
86645
96942
100508
|
M=52
R=350*105
dqat=3010
dsuyuq=2955
|
5
|
183,2
188,0
196,0
199,2
203,7
|
333,3
586,5
1850
3000
5305
|
201
204
214
219
230,2
233
|
4665,5
535
7198
7998
13328
21728
|
M=64
R=1000*105
dqat=1600
dsuyuq=1560
|
6
|
177,3
180
182
184
185,5
|
15996
19995
23994
28659
31992
|
180
185,5
188
191
194
197
|
26600
32992
37057
43456
51987
59985
|
M=81
R=300*105
dqat=1625
dsuyuq=1610
|
7
|
353,2
363,2
373,2
383,2
393,2
|
39,99
79,99
186,6
393,2
679,8
|
363,2
393,2
395,2
400,7
403,7
408,7
|
186,6
679,8
733,1
973,1
1133
1399,6
|
M=122
R=850*105
dqat=1105
dsuyuq=1095
|
8
|
223,2
237,2
246,2
252,2
253,2
|
133,3
466,5
799,8
1213
1319
|
244,2
253,2
270,1
286,5
292,2
303,2
|
1299
1319
2465
3865
4398
7664
|
M=154
R=6,08*105
dqat=1680
dsuyuq=1650
|
9
|
268,2
269,2
270,2
271,2
272,2
|
401,2
437,2
475,9
517,2
553,2
|
269,2
271,2
273,9
275,2
278,2
299,2
|
505
533
573
656
760
1600
|
M=122
R=850*105
dqat=1105
dsuyuq=1095
|
10
|
248
254,4
258
259
260
|
7998
13300
17995
19995
23327
|
260
265
270
278
280
282
|
23300
27190
31860
40290
40555
47990
|
M=154
R=6,08*105
dqat=1680
dsuyuq=1650
|
11
|
196
203
213
220
|
101325
190491
402360
648480
|
212
220
223
241
242
|
592751
648480
674824
1065237
1131722
|
M=18
R=40,5*105
dqat=918
dsuyuq=1000
|
12
|
230
233
237
240
243
245
|
26260
31458
39990
49987
58518
66650
|
236
246
248
249
251
252
|
63315
78647
83979
86645
96942
100508
|
M=27
R=800*105
dqat=718
dsuyuq=709
|
13
|
183,2
188,0
196,0
199,2
203,7
|
333,3
586,5
1850
3000
5305
|
201
204
214
219
230,2
233
|
4665,5
535
7198
7998
13328
21728
|
M=44
R=750*105
dqat=1542
dsuyuq=1510
|
14
|
177,3
180
182
184
185,5
|
15996
19995
23994
28659
31992
|
180
185,5
188
191
194
197
|
26600
32992
37057
43456
51987
59985
|
M=52
R=350*105
dqat=3010
dsuyuq=2955
|
15
|
353,2
363,2
373,2
383,2
393,2
|
39,99
79,99
186,6
393,2
679,8
|
363,2
393,2
395,2
400,7
403,7
408,7
|
186,6
679,8
733,1
973,1
1133
1399,6
|
M=122
R=850*105
dqat=1105
dsuyuq=1095
|
16
|
223,2
237,2
246,2
252,2
253,2
|
133,3
466,5
799,8
1213
1319
|
244,2
253,2
270,1
286,5
292,2
303,2
|
1299
1319
2465
3865
4398
7664
|
M=154
R=6,08*105
dqat=1680
dsuyuq=1650
|
17
|
268,2
269,2
270,2
271,2
272,2
|
401,2
437,2
475,9
517,2
553,2
|
269,2
271,2
273,9
275,2
278,2
299,2
|
505
533
573
656
760
1600
|
M=18
R=40,5*105
dqat=918
dsuyuq=1000
|
18
|
248
254,4
258
259
260
|
7998
13300
17995
19995
23327
|
260
265
270
278
280
282
|
23300
27190
31860
40290
40555
47990
|
M=27
R=800*105
dqat=718
dsuyuq=709
|
19
|
196
203
213
220
|
101325
190491
402360
648480
|
212
220
223
241
242
|
592751
648480
674824
1065237
1131722
|
M=44
R=750*105
dqat=1542
dsuyuq=1510
|
20
|
230
233
237
240
243
245
|
26260
31458
39990
49987
58518
66650
|
236
246
248
249
251
252
|
63315
78647
83979
86645
96942
100508
|
M=52
R=350*105
dqat=3010
dsuyuq=2955
|
21
|
183,2
188,0
196,0
199,2
203,7
|
333,3
586,5
1850
3000
5305
|
201
204
214
219
230,2
233
|
4665,5
535
7198
7998
13328
21728
|
M=64
R=1000*105
dqat=1600
dsuyuq=1560
|
22
|
177,3
180
182
184
185,5
|
15996
19995
23994
28659
31992
|
180
185,5
188
191
194
197
|
26600
32992
37057
43456
51987
59985
|
M=122
R=850*105
dqat=1105
dsuyuq=1095
|
23
|
353,2
363,2
373,2
383,2
393,2
|
39,99
79,99
186,6
393,2
679,8
|
363,2
393,2
395,2
400,7
403,7
408,7
|
186,6
679,8
733,1
973,1
1133
1399,6
|
M=154
R=6,08*105
dqat=1680
dsuyuq=1650
|
24
|
223,2
237,2
246,2
252,2
253,2
|
133,3
466,5
799,8
1213
1319
|
244,2
253,2
270,1
286,5
292,2
303,2
|
1299
1319
2465
3865
4398
7664
|
M=122
R=850*105
dqat=1105
dsuyuq=1095
|
25
|
268,2
269,2
270,2
271,2
272,2
|
401,2
437,2
475,9
517,2
553,2
|
269,2
271,2
273,9
275,2
278,2
299,2
|
505
533
573
656
760
1600
|
M=100
R=950*105
dqat=1100
dsuyuq=1100
|
26
|
248
254,4
258
259
260
|
7998
13300
17995
19995
23327
|
260
265
270
278
280
282
|
23300
27190
31860
40290
40555
47990
|
M=160
R=600*105
dqat=1780
dsuyuq=1750
|
8. m1 va m2 (1 mol/1000g) konsentratsiyali V eritmaga A elektrod tushirib konsentratsion galvanik element tuzilgan, 298 K da elementning EYUK ini aniqlang. Termodinamik aktivlik koeffitsientining qiymatini ma’lumotnomadan oling yoki suyultirilgan eritmalar uchun ion qoidasidan foydalanib toping.
№
|
Modda
|
m1
|
m2
|
A
|
V
|
1
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
0,2
|
0,05
|
3
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
2
|
0,006
|
4
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
0,02
|
0,6
|
5
|
Cu
|
CuSO4
|
0,1
|
0,5
|
6
|
Cu
|
CuSO4
|
0,01
|
1
|
7
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
0,2
|
0,61
|
8
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
2
|
0,7
|
9
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
0,05
|
6
|
10
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
1
|
7
|
11
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
0,2
|
8
|
12
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
7
|
8
|
13
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,05
|
2
|
14
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
1
|
0,2
|
15
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,5
|
1
|
16
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
3
|
4
|
17
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,02
|
0,05
|
18
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,1
|
3
|
19
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
1
|
7
|
20
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
0,2
|
8
|
21
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
7
|
8
|
22
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
0,05
|
2
|
23
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
1
|
0,2
|
24
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
0,5
|
1
|
25
|
Cd
|
CdJ2
|
3
|
4
|
26
|
Cd
|
CdJ2
|
0,02
|
0,05
|
9. n – tartibli A reaksiya uchun har xil haroratda tezlik konstantasi qiymati berilgan.
Birinchi tartibli (n=1) reaksiya uchun k ning o‘lchami sek-1, ikkinchi tartibli (n=2) reaksiyalar uchun sm3/sek molda berilgan. Bu erda:
a) aktivlanish energiyasi E ni;
b) eksponensil oldidagi kattalik (k0) ni;
v) aktivlanish issiqligi ΔN* ni;
g) aktivlanish entropiyasi ΔS* ni;
d) reaksiya tezligining harorat koeffitsienti (γ) ni aniqlang.
№
|
A reaksiya
|
T, K
|
k
|
1
|
Sl ning 80% li
( SN2)6S etanidagi
Cl gidrolizi n=1
|
273
298
308
318
|
1,00*10-5
3,19*10-4
9,86*10-4
2,92*10-3
|
2
|
N2O = N2O4 + 0,5O2
n=1
|
273,1
288,1
293,1
298,1
313,1
318,1
323,1
328,1
|
7,87*10-7
1,05*10-5
1,76*10-5
3,38*10-5
2,47*10-4
4,98*10-4
7,59*10-4
1,50*10-3
|
3
|
Suv eritmasida atsetodikarboksil kislotaning parchalanishi
|
273,2
293,2
333,2
|
2,46*10-5
47,5*10-5
5480*10-5
|
4
|
N2O5 = N2O4 + 0,5O2
n=1
|
273,2
298,2
308,2
318,2
328,2
338,2
|
7,67*10-7
3,46*10-5
1,40*10-4
4,98*10-4
1,50*10-3
4,87*10-3
|
5
|
C2H5Br = C2H4 + HBr
n=1
|
750
760
770
780
790
800
|
4,539*10-3
7,194*10-3
1,25*10-2
1,741*10-2
2,667*10-2
4,140*10-2
|
6
|
N2O4 = 2NO2
n=1
|
300
310
320
330
340
350
|
3,288*106
6,652*106
1,259*107
2,398*107
4,295*107
7,447*107
|
7
|
Sikl (halqa)
(CH3CHO)2 = 2CH3CHO
n=2
|
500
510
520
530
540
550
|
5,175*10-5
1,238*10-4
2,345*10-4
6,455*10-4
1,404*10-3
2,994*10-3
|
8
|
CH3CH = CHCH3 + HBr = CH3CH2CHBrCH3
n=2
|
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
|
7,638*10-7
2,055*10-6
6,309*10-6
1,388*10-5
5,188*10-4
5,902*10-4
6,020*10-3
|
9
|
H2 + C2H4 = C2H6
n=2
|
600
610
620
630
640
650
|
7,413*10-3
1,343*10-2
2,38*10-2
4,149*10-2
7,145*10-2
7,586*10-1
|
10
|
H2 + J2 = 2HJ
n=2
|
500
510
520
530
540
550
|
7,834*10-4
1,714*10-3
92,43*10-3
7,48*10-3
1,503*10-2
2,930*10-2
|
11
|
HJ + CH3J = CH4 + J2
n=2
|
400
410
420
430
440
|
9,954*10-5
2,780*10-4
7,396*10-4
1,884*10-3
4,592*10-3
|
12
|
2HJ = H2 + J2
n=2
|
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
|
2,938*10-6
7,096*10-6
1,652*10-5
1,732*10-5
8,143*10-5
1,742*10-4
3,606*10-4
|
13
|
2NO2 = 2NO + O2
n=2
|
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
|
1,119*10-4
4,130*10-4
1,119*10-3
2,222*10-3
7,499*10-3
1,786*10-2
4,083*10-2
|
14
|
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH = CH3COONa + C2H5OH
|
250
290
300
310
320
330
|
24,378
48,865
93,540
122,460
216,272
360,828
|
15
|
CH3Br + NaJ = CH3J + NaBr
|
280
290
300
310
320
330
|
8,395*10-2
2,075*10-1
7,55*10-1
2,032
5,152
12,33
|
16
|
2H2C=HC – HC=CH2 →
CH2 – CH2 – CH2
C H2=C
CH2 – CH = CH4
|
503
513
513
517
530
540
555
|
0,531
0,751
1,19
1,40
1,70
2,43
4,18
|
17
|
CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2
n=2
|
973
1023
1073
1221
1273
1323
|
0,14*10-4
0,28*10-4
0,14*10-3
0,012
0,018
0,024
|
18
|
CH3Br + NaJ = CH3J + NaBr
|
973
1023
1073
1221
1273
1323
|
0,14*10-4
0,28*10-4
0,14*10-3
0,012
0,018
0,024
|
19
|
CH3CH = CHCH3 + HBr = CH3CH2CHBrCH3
n=2
|
500
510
520
530
540
550
|
7,834*10-4
1,714*10-3
92,43*10-3
7,48*10-3
1,503*10-2
2,930*10-2
|
20
|
H2 + C2H4 = C2H6
n=2
|
400
410
420
430
440
|
9,954*10-5
2,780*10-4
7,396*10-4
1,884*10-3
4,592*10-3
|
Fizikaviy kimyo nimani o‘rgatadi?
*Atom, molekula, moddalardagi kimyoviy xodisalar, o‘zgarishlar va tuzilishlarni fizika usullarida o‘rganadi;
Moddalarning fizikaviy va kimyoviy xossalarini;
Moddalarni tarkibini, uzilishini va xossalarini;
Atom, molekula, moddalardagi fizikaviy xodisalar va o‘zgarishlarni kimyoviy usullarda o‘rganadi;
Qaysi olim fizikaviy kimyo tushunchasini birinchi bo‘lib qo‘llagan?
*Lomonosov;
Mendeleev;
Butlerov;
Gess.
Modda massasi va energiyasining saqlanish qonunini kim kashf etgan?
*Lomonosov;
Butlerov;
Lyubavin;
Mendeleev;
Kimyoviy reaksiyalar vaqtida umumiy issiqlik effekti doimiy qiymatiga ega bo‘lib, u oraliq reaksiyalar issiqlik effektiniing yig‘indisiga teng bo‘lishi qonuni kim kashf qilgan?
*Lomonosov;
Lyubavin;
*Gess;
Kablukov.
O‘zgarmas bosimda ideal gaz xolatiga nima deyiladi?
*Izobarik xolat;
Izotermik xolat;
Izoxorik xolat;
Izotopik xolat.
Temperatura o‘zgarmas bo‘lganda gaz xolatiga nima deyiladi?
*Izotermik xolat;
Izotonik xolat;
Izoxorik xolat;
Izobarik xolat.
Xajm o‘zgarmas bo‘lganda ideal gaz xolatiga nima deyiladi?
*Izoxorik xolat;
Izobarik xolat;
Izotonik xolat;
Izobaraik xolat.
Metall parmalanganda parma qiziydi, bunda mexanik energiya qaysi turdagi energiyaga aylanadi?
*Issiqlik energiyasiga;
Elektr energiyaga;
Kinetik energiyaga;
Ximiyaviy energiyaga.
Elektr toki motorni xarakatga keltiradi, bunda elektr energiya qaysi turdagi energiyaga aytiladi?
*Mexanik energiyaga;
Ximiyaviy energiyaga;
Kinetik energiyaga;
Potensial energiyaga.
Sistemaning bir qismidan ikkinchi qismiga energiyaning o‘tishi, berilgan sharoitda jarayonlarning o‘z-o‘zicha borishi yo‘nalishi va chegarasini fizximiyaning qaysi bo‘limi o‘rganadi?
*Termodinamika;
Termoximiya;
Fotoximiya;
Agroximiya;
Termodinamika fani nimani o‘rgatadi?
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