English for chemists

I. Asa consequence of Avogadro’s principle, it is possible to determine the volume occupied by the gram-molccular weight of any gaseous substance at standard temperature and pressure. 2. Molcculcs of a liquid move at the same rate as those in a gas at equal temperatures. 3. Liquids can flow as a stream. 4. As a rule, there is a tendency of the molcculcs to occupy more space when they move at a faster rate. 5. As it was rather late, they decided to put off their work for the next day. 6. Technically, the proccss of obtaining oxygen is complicated as it requires one of the lowest temperatures used industrially -194.4°C. 7. As the hydrides of the alkali decompose in water, hydrogen is being released. 8. In the laboratory, hydrogen is made by the reaction of an acid such as sulphuric acid, H2S04, with a metal such as zinc. 9. Mendeleyev is famous as the discovcrcr of the law of periodicity. 10. The molcculcs move faster as the temperature rises. 11.ТЪе explosion occurcd as the mixture was being heated.
Ex. 9. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. 
   Discussing the topic helped both of us to understand it better.
   

2. 
   Working in the laboratory is the most important step in training chemists.
   
3. 
   Professor N’s participating in this conference attracted many other scientists. 4. His having made detailed notes at the lecture helped him to successfully pass the examination. 5. Our article being accepted in the Journal o f Analytical Chemistry is a great honour to us. 6. There is no saying that the difference in temperature is too great. 7. Learning to work accurately is not an easy task. 8. Sometimes, preparing substances requires less skill than keeping them. 9. There is no denying that application of the quantum theory to chcmistry stimulated its development. 10. Being very soft is characteristic of both calcium and sodium. 11. Lebedev’s having prepared synthetic rubber paved the way to the synthesis of other materials.
   

12. 
    Having examined the results led them to the conclusion that the structure of both compounds was alike. 13. Bohr’s being awarded the Nobel prize was an international recognition of his great achievement 14. Adding small quantitcs of other substances to alloys changes their properties, sometimes to a great extent. 15. Their coming to St. Petersburg was quite unexpected.
    

16. 
    Investigating the weights and properties of elements led him to the discovery of his world-known law.
    

Ex. 10. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Закон Авогадро утверждает, что равные объемы различных га­ зов содержат одинаковое количество молекул при одинаковых тем-

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пературс и давлении нсависимо от состава. 2. При одинаковой тем* пературс средние скорости движения молекул жидкости и газа оди­ наковы. 3. Нагревание тела, как правило, приводит к увеличению его объема. 4. Как у жидкости, так и у газа не все молекулы движутся с одинаковой скоростью при данной температуре. 5. Тенденция к ис­ парению увеличивается, когда повышается температура. 6. Нельзя сказать, что всс жидкости испаряются с одинаковой скоростью. 7. Точ­ ка кипения жидкости определяется температурой и давлением.
Ex. 11. Answer the following questions:
1. What docs Avogadro’s principle state? 2. In what way can the number of molcculcs per mole be determined? 3. What forces act between the molcculcs in a gas and in a liquid? 4. What affects the molccular motion? 5. What process is callcd evaporation? 6. What is the vapour pressure? 7. What docs the boiling point of a liquid depend on?