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2. So‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha so‘z shakli yasovchi qo‘shimcha bilan shakldosh bo‘ladi.
kelinchak (erkalash, hurmatlash shakli) erinchak (sifat yasovchi)
gapirma (fe’lning bo‘lishsiz shakli) burma (sifat yasovchi)
yuzlab (chama son shakli) haftalab (ravish yasovchi)
qizcha (kichraytirish shakli) erkakcha (ravish yasovchi)
Dilafro‘zxon (hurmat shakli) kitobxon(ot yasovchi)
do‘sti (III shaxs, birlik shakli) boyi (fe’l yasovchi).
3. Har qanday holatda so‘z shakli yasaydi.
oqish (ozaytirma shakli) kelish (harakat nomi)
otam (egalik shakli) ko‘rdim(shaxs-son shakli)
ukang (egalik shakli) bording(shaxs-son shakli)
O`zbek tilidagi asosiy shakldosh qo`shimcha:
Qo`shimcha
|
Otda
|
Sifatda
|
Fe’lda
|
Ravishda
|
Yordamchi so`zda
|
-a
|
jizza (s/y)
|
ko`tara (savdo, s/ya)
|
qona (s/y), bora (sh/y), bura (sh/y)
|
shig`g`a, chippa (s/y)
|
sen-a
|
-ay
|
–
|
–
|
kuchay (s/y), boray (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-ak
|
g`ijjak (s/y)
|
qirmizak (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-ar
|
–
|
–
|
ko`kar (s/y), kelar (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-ga
|
bolaga (sh/y)
|
–
|
surgamoq (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-gi
|
supurgi (s/y)
|
yozgi (s/y)
|
|
–
|
–
|
-gina
|
qizgina (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
qizimgina
|
-g`oq
|
to`lg`oq (s/y)
|
toyg`oq (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-da
|
uyda (sh/y)
|
–
|
|
|
keldi-da
|
-dir
|
–
|
–
|
sezdir (sh/y)
|
–
|
kelgandir
|
-don
|
kuldon (s/y)
|
qadrdon (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-dor
|
chorvador (s/y)
|
puldor, yelkador (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-i
|
oti (sh/y)
|
Jannati (s/y)
|
tinchi (s/y), to`zi (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-ik
|
ko`rik (s/y)
|
egik (s/y)
|
birik, ko`zik (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-iq
|
chiziq (s/y)
|
ochiq (s/y)
|
yo`liq (s/y), siniqmoq (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-il
|
–
|
–
|
egildi (sh/y, o`zlik), ichildi (sh/y,
|
–
|
–
|
-im
|
uyim (sh/y), bilim (s/y)
|
ayrim (s/y)
|
–
|
|
–
|
-in
|
ekin (s/y)
|
sog`in sigir (s/y)
|
ko`rin (sh/y)
|
oldin (s/y)
|
–
|
-ing
|
uying (sh/y)
|
–
|
oching (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-ingiz
|
uyingiz (sh/y)
|
–
|
ochingiz (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-ir
|
–
|
–
|
gapir (s/y), o`chir (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-ish
|
–
|
ko`kish (sh/y)
|
yozish (sh/y), olishdi (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-y
|
–
|
–
|
qoray (s/y), o`qiy (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-q
|
taroq (s/y)
|
yumshoq (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-ka
|
yo`lka (sh/y), etikka (sh/y)
|
–
|
iska (s/y), surka (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-qa
|
o`qqa (sh/y)
|
qisqa (s/y)
|
chayqa (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-kash
|
aravakash (s/y)
|
janjalkash (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-ki
|
tepki (s/y)
|
kechki (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
demakki, biladiki
|
-qi
|
chopqi (s/y)
|
Sayroqi (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-kin
|
|
keskin (s/y)
|
to`kkin (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-qin
|
to`lqin (s/y)
|
sotqin (s/y)
|
boqqin (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-qoq
|
tutqoq, botqoq (s/y)
|
yopishqoq (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-kor
|
paxtakor (s/y)
|
Fusnkor (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-la
|
–
|
–
|
ishla (s/y), quvla (sh/y)
|
–
|
sen-la
|
-lik
|
ochlik (s/y)
|
o`shlik (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-m
|
chidam (s/y), ukam (sh/y)
|
–
|
yozdim (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-ma
|
tugma (s/y)
|
yasama (s/y)
|
kelma (sh/y)
|
yonma-yon (sh/y)
|
–
|
-miz
|
onamiz (sh/y)
|
–
|
olamiz (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-moq
|
quymoq (s/y)
|
–
|
ichmoq (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-n
|
o`zin(i) (sh/y)
|
–
|
yasanmoq (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-oq
|
o`roq (s/y)
|
qo`rqoq (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
keliboq
|
-on
|
to`zon (s/y)
|
Shodon (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-sa
|
–
|
–
|
suvsamoq (s/y), kelsa (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-si
|
otasi (sh/y)
|
–
|
garangsi (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-siz
|
–
|
ishsiz (s/y)
|
ichasiz (sh/y)
|
to`xtovsiz (s/y)
|
–
|
-t
|
–
|
–
|
to`latdi (s/y), o`qitdi (sh/y)
|
–
|
–
|
-xon
|
kitobxon (s/y), onaxon
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-ch
|
quvonch (s/y)
|
tinch (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-cha
|
qizilcha (s/y)
|
farg`onacha (s/y)
|
–
|
o`zicha (s/y)
|
–
|
-chak
|
kelinchak (sh/y)
|
kuyunchak (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-chi
|
ishchi (s/y)
|
|
–
|
–
|
kel-chi
|
-chiq
|
qopchiq(sh/y)
|
sirpanchiq (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-choq
|
toychoq (sh/y)
|
maqtanchoq (s/y)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
-k
|
to`shak(s/y)
|
chirik (s/y)
|
bordik (sh/y)
| | |
Ma`nodosh qo`shimchalar - qo‘shimchalarda shakldoshlikdan tashqari ma’nodoshlik hodisasi ham uchraydi. Ba’zan ma’lum bir so‘z yasash ma’nosini ifodalash uchun birdan ortiq qo‘shimchalardan foydalanishga to‘g‘ri keladi. Masalan, -li qo‘shimchasi o‘rniga -kor, -dor, bo-, ba-, ser- qo‘shimchalarini qo‘llash mumkin:
itoatli — itoatkor
shirali — shirador
savlatli — basavlat
sutli — sersut
obro‘li — boobro‘
Shuningdek, -chi o‘rnida, -shunos, -kash, -kor; -siz o‘rnida esa be-, no- old qo‘shimchalarni qo‘llash kuzatiladi.
adabiyotchi — adabiyotshunos
aravachi — aravakash
g‘allachi — g‘allakor
hayosiz — behayo
o‘rinsiz — noo‘rin
Hamma holatlarda ham yuqoridagicha ma’nodoshlik yuzaga kelavermaydi. Masalan, nodavlat tashkilotlari deyish o‘rniga bedavlat tashkilotlari deyilsa, uslubiy g‘alizlik yuzaga keladi.
Demak, qo‘shimchalardagi ma’nodoshlik nutqning muayyan davrdagi me’yorlari asosida yuzaga keladigan til hodisasi sanaladi.
Qo`shimcha
|
Misol
|
Qo`shimcha
|
Misol
|
ba-/-li
|
bahaybat – haybatli
|
-qir/-ag`on
|
topqir – topag`on
|
-ga/-ni
|
unga tushunmadi –uni tushunmadi
|
-chi/-shunos
|
tilchi – tilshunos
|
-dan/ -ni
|
nondan oling – nonni oling
|
no-/-siz
|
noo`rin – o`rinsiz
|
-dan/-ga
|
teshikdan sig`madi – teshikka sig`madi
|
-ona/-larcha
|
mardona – mardlarcha
|
-dan/-ning
|
shundan biri – shuning biri
|
-sa/-sira
|
suvsamoq – suvsiramoq
|
-digan/-ar
|
qiladigan ish – qilar ish
|
-lab/-dan
|
saharlab – sahardan
|
-don/-li
|
bilimdon – bilimli
|
(-u)v / -(i)sh
|
o`quv – o`qish
|
-do`z/-chi
|
mahsido`z – mahsichi
|
-imtir/-ish/-roq
|
Oqish – oqimtir – oqroq
|
-yotir/-moqda/-yapti
|
borayapti – borayotir – bormoqda
|
-iz/-dir
|
Tomiz – tomdir
|
-ish/-lar
|
ketishdi – ketdilar
|
-larcha/-cha/-chasiga
|
Erkaklarlarcha – erkakchasiga – erkakcha
|
-lay/-ligicha
|
butunlay – butunligicha
|
|
|
-loq/-zor
|
o`tloq – o`tzor
|
-li/-dor
|
unumli – unumdor
|
ser-/ -li
|
sero`t – o`tli
|
be-/-siz
|
bemaza – mazasiz
|
-soz/-chi
|
soatsoz – soatchi
|
|
|
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