Бердақ атындағы Қарақалпақ Мәмлекетлик университети шет тиллери факультети

Repetition as an expressive means of language ser­ves to emphasize certain statements of the speaker, and so possesses considerable emotive force. It is employed when

the speaker is under the stress of strong emotion. E.g.:

Behold Mrs. Baffin...running to Bella and folding her to her breast with the words: "My dear, dear, dear girl, that Noddy and me saw married... My dear, dear, dear wife of John and mother of his little child! My loving, loving, bright, bright, pretty, pretty! Welcome to your house and home, my dear!" (Dickens)

The overflow of Mrs. Baffin’s emotions is shown through the multiple repetition here.

We shall mention several main types of repetition, most frequently occurring in English literature:

1. Anaphora - the repeated word or phrase stands at

the beginning of each sentence, clause or phrase:

"...good-bye, Susan, good-bye a big car, good-bye big house, good-bye power, good-bye the silly handsome dreams."

2. Epiphora -'the repeated unit is placed at the end of consecutive sentences, clauses and phrases:

"Through his brain slowly shifted the things they had done together. Walking together. Dan­cing together. Sitting silent together. Watching people together." (P. Abrahams)

In these cases repetition has the function of creating the background against which the preceding statements become more prominent.

3. Anadiplosis or Catch repetition - the repe­tition of the same unit at the end of the preceding and the beginning of the following sentence:

"Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squ-alor; squalor led in the final stage to stagnation.

4. Framing or Ring repetition - the repetition of the same unit at the beginning and at the end of the same sentence. Framing makes the whole utterance more compact and more complete:

"Poor doll's dressmaker! How often so drag­ged down by hands that should have raised her up; how often so misdirected when losing her way on the eternal road and asking guidance! Poor, little dolls dressmaker r (Dickens)

It is expressive in poetry and in singling out a para­graph in prose.

5. Chain repetition'- the last word or phrase of one part of an utterance is repeated at the beginning of the next part, thus hooking the two parts together:

"But two minutes later the sun vanished be­hind flying cloudy contents, a relative darkness descended on the summer afternoon, and rain too descended - descended in such soaking overwhelming quantities that …”. (I. Murdoch )

6. Root repetition - not the same word, but the same root is repeated :

1) “The child smiled the smile and laughed the laughter of contentment.

7. Synonym repetition. The nature of this type of repetition consists in the reiteration of the same notion by means of varios synonyms:
“ The poetry of the earth is never dead; the poetry of the aearth is ceasing never”.(J. Keats)
8. Pleonasm and tautology stand very close to synonym repetition. Usually it consists in the repetition of a part of the sentence, expressed by a noun, bi means of the correspondihg pronoun:

“And the books - they stood on the shelf”.

“ the wound, it seemed both sore and sad”.
One of the leading functions of repetition is to intensify the utterance, to bring emphasis into narration. However, the overuse of repetition may bring sadness, meditation and thus monotony appears, which is considered the lack of style.

Stilistic functions of repetition are varios and manysided. Besides emphasizing the most important part of the utterance< rendering emotions of the speaker or showing his emotive attitude towards the object described, it may play a minor stylistic role, showing durability of action.

Reprtition is realized mostly through the twice- repeated verb with the conjunction “and” in between:

1) The water rose and rose. (Dickens)

2).The woman talked and talked.