Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR)
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AJMR
now, just consider the fourfold increase in lapses that occurred between 4:00 p.m. on the first day
and 4:00 p.m. on the second day. In an operational context, an increase in missed signals of this
magnitude might well have serious consequences. In the latter study, flight performance deficits
began in the early morning hours and peaked at 9:30 a.m. before waning by noon on the second
day. Interestingly, instrument scanning was remarkably unaffected by the pilots’ sleep
deprivation, suggesting that the pilots were redirecting resources toward the most important
tasks. Overall, the magnitude of the flight performance deterioration was not large, even at its
peak (only about 15%). This was less than that in some previous studies, which have shown
deficits of as much as 45%
15
(Caldwell et al. 2003). Caldwell et al. evaluated the effects of 37
hours of continuous wakefulness on U.S. Air Force F-117 pilots. Arguably, the dramatic effects
associated with exposure to more extreme levels of hypoxia, intoxication, or drug use are less
worrisome than the moresubtle effects found with low levels of exposure. Few pilots, air traffic
controllers, or maintenance technicians would report for duty while intoxicated from alcohol,
severely fatigued, or high from smoking marijuana. However, as shown earlier, detectable effects
on behavior, particularly when under stress, may be found long after the obvious effects of sleep
loss, alcohol, marijuana, or other substances are gone. You may feel fine, and you may even be
legal, but you may not be capable of performing at your full potential. Usually, that will not
matter. You will do your job, and nothing extraordinary will happen to require that you perform
at your optimal level. On those occasions, even the subtle effects of drugs taken long ago or
sleep missed over several nights may contribute to your failure to meet the demands of the
situation. Of course, some physiological effects are out of your direct control. The somatogyral,
somatogravic, and visual illusions are driven by the nature of your physiological systems and the
external stimuli acting upon your balance and visual senses. Countering these effects is largely a
matter of awareness, training, and a firm belief that the instruments are correct, regardless of
what you feel. With a little care, your body will last a long time and will effectively acquire and
process the information needed to fly, repair, or direct aircraft. But, if you take away the
nutrients it needs or poison it with licit or illicit substances, do not be surprised if it stops
working up to specifications.
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