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1.5. Varieties of the Language
Language serves as a means of communication. The actual situation of communication, its aim and the language function in different spheres of human activity have given rise to two varieties of the language: the spoken and the written ones, each with its own peculiarities. Diachronically the spoken variety is primary and the written one is secondary.

The main differences are the following:

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  The spoken variety presupposes the presence of an interlocutor, while the written variety – his absence;
  
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  The spoken variety presupposes the form of a dialogue, while the written one – that of a monologue;
  
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  The advantage of the spoken variety is the human voice with all its modifications, various intonation patterns and gestures.
  
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  The spoken variety cannot be detached from the speaker, while the written one can be detached from the writer.
  

All the above mentioned factors help the speaker to render additional information. The written variety should compensate for it, seeking for the ways to render the same implications by some linguistic means. The spoken variety differs from the written one phonetically, lexically, morphologically and syntactically.

One should not overuse the peculiarities of the spoken language in the written variety. To assert a political, cultural or educational impact, one should apply to the written language with its careful organization, deliberate choice of words and constructions, thus it bears a greater responsibility than its spoken counterpart.