Animal Behavior Notes!



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Bog'liq
Animal Behavior revised

Foraging Behaviors

  • Herds, flocks, & schools
    • Most in a group are hidden
    • Individuals in the group can trade off jobs (foraging and watching for predators)
    • Can mob their predator and protect their young
  • Packs
    • Corner and attack prey with much success
  • Packs against packs

Social Behavior

  • Interactions between individuals
    • Develop as evolutionary adaptations
      • Communication/language
      • Agonistic Behaviors
      • Dominance Hierarchy
      • Cooperation
      • Altruistic Behavior

Communication/Language

  • Two major discoveries about honey bees.
  • First, he demonstrated that honey bees have color vision.
  • Karl von Frisch
  • He trained bees to feed on a dish of sugar water set on a colored card. He then set the colored card in the middle of an array of gray-toned cards
  • State a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis
  • Watch Bee Dance video
  • Second, he showed that honey bees use a dance language to communicate food locations to other bees.

Communication by song

  • Species identification & mating ritual
  • Mixed learned & innate
  • Critical learning period
  • Mating ritual & song
  • Innate, genetically controlled

Agonistic behaviors

  • Lizard Behavior
  • Competition for food, mates, or territory
  • Threatening & submissive rituals
  • -symbolic, usually no harm done

Dominance hierarchy

  • Indicate power and status relationships among individuals in a group.
  • -minimizes fighting for food
  • and mates

Altruistic Behavior

  • kin selection
      • increasing survival of close relatives passes these genes on to the next generation
  • How can this be of adaptive value?
  • Warning Calls
  • In naked mole rat populations
    • Nonreproductive individuals may sacrifice their lives protecting the reproductive individuals from predators
  • Figure 51.33

Communication by scent

  • Female mosquito use CO2 concentrations to locate victims
  • Spider using moth sex pheromones, to lure its prey
  • When a minnow or catfish is injured: An alarm substance in the fish’s skin disperses in the water, inducing a fright response among fish in the area

Christian The Lion


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