How to Master the ielts

invisible
not visible
life expectancy
how long something or someone may be expected to live or last
mass production
work performed on production lines
naked eye
unaided eye (without aid, eg without a telescope); a ‘figure of speech’
Shedding light on it
‘figure of speech’: to make clear and understandable
too hot
very hot
traditional
the old way, conventional or accepted way (second meaning: customs 
and beliefs from earlier times; part of heritage; eg religious practices such as Easter, 
Christmas, Diwali).
tricked
made to believe something is true when it is not; deceived
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HOW TO MASTER THE IELTS
228
Reading Passage 
2
. Taking soundings
carcases
dead body of an animal
deprives
to be denied something; withheld or taken away
invention
something created that involves a new idea
noise pollution
harmful or unwanted noise
orientate
to turn, steer, or choose a direction
penetrate
to enter into
perception
using the senses to make sense of one’s surroundings or situation 
(eg using your eyes and ears)
phenomenon
an observable fact or event, sometimes a remarkable one
prey
an animal that is hunted
recognize
to identify
reflected back
bounced back
taking soundings
to check out first; assess beforehand (‘figure of speech’)
vulnerable
at risk of harm
Reading Passage 
3
. Oxbridge
aspirations
ambitions; what you aspire to or hope to achieve
attainment gap
difference in achievement, eg between boys and girls