Historical basis of salohiddin tashkandi's work "temurnoma" Askarova Manzura Bakhtiyor qizi

HISTORICAL BASIS OF SALOHIDDIN TASHKANDI'S WORK "TEMURNOMA"
Askarova Manzura Bakhtiyor qizi
Doctoral student of Namangan State University
Annotation: The article describes the creation of Salohiddin Tashkendi's "Temurnoma", its linguistic, lexical and semantic features, methodological peculiarities.
Keywords: Temurnoma, Sahibkiran, Bibikhanim, tadrij, tanazzul, majoz, doston, historical-artistic work and hok.
Annotation: The article describes the creation of Salohiddin Tashkendi's work "Temurnoma", its linguistic, lexical and semantic features, methodological peculiarities.
Key words: Temurnoma, sahibkiran, bibikhonim, tadrij, tanazzul (art in classical literature), symbol, epos, historical and artistic work and so.on
The reign of Amir Temur entered history as a period of centralized statehood and its transformation into a large military and economically developed state. It was a period of internationalization, the development of mutually beneficial trade and economic ties, and trade and economic ties were encouraged and protected by the state. It is a time in the history of the world when science, culture and art flourished. The economic and spiritual development of this period undoubtedly ensured the development of the social sphere. other objective sources are sufficiently preserved. The well-known orientalist V.V. Bartold speaks of this, and as we study this period, it is not about the scarcity of sources, but about their abundance, that even the researcher g in these various materials we could talk about not becoming an ark.
Materials on the social policy of Amir Temur can be found in the written sources of that period, the information of ambassadors, letters of the owner to the European rulers, and others. Although these sources are related to the foreign policy of the state, they contain interesting information that indirectly illustrates the essence of social policy. Saroymulkhanim also played an important role in the reign of Amir Temur. She was born in 1341. She first married Hussein ibn Musallab, the grandson of Amir Qazaqan, in 1355, and Amir Temur in 1370, when Hussein was executed. Therefore, Amir Temur will be awarded the title of "Koragon". Saroymulkhanim, a member of the khan's dynasty, is considered to be the greatest of all harem princesses and is known as the "Great Lady" or "Bibikhanim". -latofat was also a unique woman in the chapter. He was humane, patriotic, well acquainted with the political, social, economic and cultural life of the country, and participated in the affairs of the kingdom with wise advice. Sahibkiran often accompanied Amir Temur in his military campaigns. Bibihanim took an active part in solving some of the problems that arose in governing the kingdom with her wise advice. Bibihanim not only in the affairs of the kingdom, but also paid special attention to science and enlightenment, her student sponsored the sciences. As a clear example of this, the Spanish traveler Clavijo writes that in the late fourteenth century Bibi Khanum built a huge madrasah in honor of his "mother" at his own expense, and the European tourist, scholar Herman Vamberi, said that about 1,000 students studied there. . Although this wise woman did not have any children of her own, Amir Temur, as mentioned above, entrusted such an intelligent person with the direct upbringing of his grandchildren - Muhammad Sultan, Khalil Sultan, Mirzo Ulugbek and other mirzas. By the decree of Amir Temur, the Bibikhanum mosque was built in 1399-1404 in honor of Bibikhanim, who had such a great intellect and love. The mosque's large courtyard courtyard is surrounded on four sides by arches and roofs, and has high minarets at the corners. On both sides of the courtyard there were four gates with external gates. The main principles of Amir Temur's activity are reflected in "Temur's rules". It embodies the essence of domestic and foreign policy. His policy was based on the rule of law, the knowledge of the people, the liberation of oppressed peoples from oppression. He was aware of the situation of the people, not through intermediaries, but directly. The unification of the country with a strong military power protected the population from immigrants and helped stabilize the economy. The establishment of peace and stability in the country was not only a political event, but also a social one. This event will help develop the economy.
Amir Temur is one of the unique figures in the history of Uzbek statehood who has achieved a harmony of politics and spirituality. Such harmony is seldom observed in the history of sultans. First of all, it should be noted that the concept of justice has played a very important role in the activities of the entrepreneur. It is no coincidence that his seal did not say, "Power is justice." Due to the celebration of justice, the rights of every citizen in the country are respected and their rights are protected.
Amir Temur has repeatedly said that he was able to treat everyone with the same fair eyes. "I know in my heart that impartiality is the first of my virtues. I treated everyone with the same seriousness and fairness, I did not discriminate against anyone, I did not prefer the rich to the poor. "
Amir Temur was a generous man who forgot about the tragedies of the past. He even forgave those who carried swords. And he even won their hearts by taking various measures, using the knowledge, experience and power of such people to run the country. This is written in "Temur's Statutes". "After the day I conquered the country of Turan and ascended the throne in the capital Samarkand, I took a straight path in dealing with friend and foe. The rulers of Badakhshan, who had done evil to me and used their tricks to draw their swords against me on the battlefield, were afraid of what the Turks and Tajiks would do. When they came to my shelter in desperation, I did them so much good that they were ashamed to see my grace and charity. Whoever I offended, I donated and offended them and gave them privileges according to their ranks. "
It is clear that Amir Temur was not only a great commander and politician, but also a just man. That is why they are interested in Amir Temur, the ruler of Central Asia, who established a powerful centralized state and whose name alone threatened many of the world's rulers. There are many legends and works about him. There are books about the life, political and military activities of Amir Temur. One of them is "Temurnoma" ("Jangnomayi Amir Temur koragon") by Mullo Salohiddin Eshan. The author himself says: “In the year one thousand three hundred and twenty-seven (1908) in the year of the chicken, I would like to say that Mullo Salohiddin hoja ibn Mullo Olouddin hoja from Tashkent is compiling this Temurnoma in Burmese at the request of several brothers. We swelled. " Mullo Salohiddin has been an unknown author for a long time. Therefore, the work and its author have not been discussed in any source so far. Unfortunately, not enough information is available about Salahiddin Tashkendi. As mentioned, Temurnoma is a collection of works in three directions. In the creation of the book, ie "Temurnoma", first of all, historical works (such as "Kitab-ul-Akhbor", "Tarihi Tabariy", "Zafarnoma"), works of art ("Iskandarnoma") were used, as well as the works of A. Khatibi and religious works. At the end of the Temurnoma, Salohiddin Khoja said, "I worked hard to translate the work from Persian into Turkish."
It is incorrect to say that Temurnoma was translated from one work. Although the author claims that he translated it from Persian, he assumes that he enjoyed the works written in Persian about Amir Temur before him, and took some historical events and poetic fragments from them. not surprisingly. If in this case it is the original, not the translation.
Salohiddin Tashkendi claims that he translated the Temurnoma into Turkish at the request of his relatives. He writes this more clearly in the following verse:

I'd like to have a poem,

To those who say please.
Rhyme, order by weight,
Let's go to this notebook.
Apparently, the author originally wanted to create Temurnoma in a poetic way. Apparently, he started his career as a prose writer. The difficulty of comprehending poetry may have necessitated this approach. Another aspect of the fact that Temurnoma is a work of art can be clearly seen in these lines.
Jahd ayla is a friendly homa
"Temurnoma" in Turkish
Tie it up, hey, it's your turn
Save me from toil.
In Temurnoma, the two lines continue to balance. One is gradual and the other is degenerate. Tadrij describes the boy Timur, while the decline depicts the disgusting life of the Mongol rulers. There is another core in the play that tells the story of Islam and its followers, and it always flows in the same direction. It should be noted that Islam did not disappear even during the years of Mongol oppression in Movarounnahr. We have already mentioned the conversion of the Mongol feudal lords to Islam, which is perfectly explained in the Temurnoma (p. 151). Temurnoma begins with a traditional praise. Then there are the dynasties that ruled Movarounnahr. The passage about the 47 kings who ruled in Movarounnahr begins with the words, "Now we have come to Amir Sahibkiran, that is, Amir Temur Iskandariy Sani." This section describes the family tree of Amir Temur. This chapter has a plan for the remaining 46 seasons.
When Salohiddin Tashkendi finishes Temurnoma, he respects the person he wants to portray. Of course, this is not in vain. The author understands Amir Temur's service to the people as "expelling the invading khans from Samarkand". In the following epics, this idea is revived through thirty-five years of struggle. is told to be an eyebrow. From chapter to chapter, the work becomes more complicated, and then we see people whose fate, to one degree or another, collides with Amir Temur. On the twelfth day, another thread opens. In this chapter, Sheikh Sayyid Ata's propaganda in the lands of Kalmykia is narrated. As Amir Temur grew up, the number of like-minded people increased. He achieves this with his intelligence, courage, courage and fearlessness. Chapter Nineteen describes what happened in Seystan. The twenty-sixth epic tells the story of Amir Temur's two sons. In the following epics, Amir Temur's cleansing of the Mongols of Central Asia, Dashti Kipchak, Russian possessions, marches to the Urals, military conquests in Iran, Iraq and Turkey, respectively, are the subject of interpretation. is obtained. The Indian expedition and its adventures are described. It is no exaggeration to say that Amir Temur's marches in Damascus and Iraq were the subject of several epics. (Temur's Statutes, p. 49). The spiritual side of Temurnoma is that if the battle is between people of the same religion, it is an unforgivable mistake. The dispute between Amir Temur and Sultan Ahmad is left to Baghdad. In general, one of the features of Amir Temur's marches is that he tries not to carry out the work until the battle. He leaves the ladies of the country, who welcomed him, in their place, and shows them mercy. Recent epics depict a battle with Yildirim Boyazid. In short, Temurnoma is a war work. But as Salahiddin Tashkendi points out, "it's not like any other war book, because it has a lot of wisdom." The conclusion to be drawn from these proverbs is that one who reads the Temurnoma is convinced that war is not necessary for man. For example, no matter how much Amir Temur fights, his army will suffer a lot. We have already mentioned that the work is comprehensive, as can be seen from the fact that the names of more than five hundred people are mentioned in the Temurnoma. Most of them are historical figures. They are representatives of a dynasty that has come down to us through world history. "The author misinterprets some historical figures from the point of view of the period in which they lived, and changes the names of some of them," said Poyon Ravshanov, a candidate of philological sciences. This is especially noticeable in the early chapters. In general, the language of the work, the method of narration is simple and interesting. The creative use of myths and the interpretation of the spiritual world are fascinating. Especially at a time when new aspects of the human mind are being rediscovered, the treatment of the sick with the help of biotok (Tegina Begim Moh, Nasir Hisrav, Hakim Nizari), the existence of spirits (rijol ul ghoib), narrations about talismans and worldviews are of interest. 'does.
Temurnoma is an example of the life of a world-famous historical figure, which encourages people to be kind to each other, to avoid the massacres of the past, to appreciate peace and harmony. An invaluable monument, the valuable work "Temurnoma" will serve as an invaluable resource for future generations.
References:
1. Salohiddin Tashkendi, Temurnoma. - Tashkent: "Cholpon" 1990.
2. Amir Temur. Temur's rules. - Tashkent: "Uzbekistan", 2014.
3. Azizov O. Introduction to Linguistics. - Tashkent: "Teacher", 1996.
4. Abdurahmonov G., Mamajonov S. Uzbek language and literature. - Tashkent: "Uzbekistan", Hojiev A. Lexicology of the Uzbek language. - Tashkent: "Fan", 1992.
5. Hojiev A. Annotated Dictionary of Linguistic Terms. - Tashkent: “National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan”, 2002.