8. Eating disorders
9. Sleep disorders
Primary sleep disorders
Sleep disorders related to another mental disorder
10. Impulse-control disorders not else where classified
11. Adjustment disorders
12. Personality disorders
13. Other conditions
MULTIAXIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Axis I – Clinical disorders; other conditions that may be a focus
of clinical attention
Axis II – Personality disorders; mental retardation
Axis III – General medical conditions
Axis IV – Psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V – Global assessment of functioning.
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Possible helpful strategies in dealing with difficult patients:
1.
Try to be firm and direct but appear concerned and compassio-
nate rather than judgemental or disgusted. Ask about washing, laundry,
toileting. Be prepared for patients to deny problems.
2.
Examine your own reactions: Ask yourself "What is it about this
particular person that makes me react negatively to them?"
3.
Consider your communication skills.
4.
Consider, "Am I a heartsink doctor?"
5.
Keep a reflective diary.
6.
Review the patient's notes.
7.
Consider a change of focus - think about the person behind the
illness; consider what life is like in their shoes.
8.
Share the problem within the practice or with a colleague from
outside the practice. Peer group discussions of difficult cases may be
helpful. What are others' perceptions and insights?
9.
Consider a meeting to establish ground rules for your continuing
doctor-patient relationship. Make this non-confrontational, if possible.
Benchmark - some patients have no idea what the average consultation
or referral rate is. Agree how and when you will meet.
10.
Be explicit about what you (personally, the practice, the NHS in
general) can provide as well as your limitations.
11.
Try to be in control of the relationship. If you feel that you are
being manipulated, decide whether this a battle worth fighting and whet-
her or not to disclose to the patient that you recognise their behaviour
(they may not).
12.
Make sure that all those in contact with the patient (e.g. recep-
tion staff, nurses, out-of-hours workers) behave consistently and are
aware of your management plan.
13.
Do not take responsibility for areas over which you have no po-
wer. Behavioural change must come from the patients themselves.
14.
Where the doctor-patient relationship fails despite remedial
actions, the best course of action is to pass the patient to an alternative
doctor within the practice or beyond.
15.
Remember your successes.
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