Handout Society and its types The term society



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13 Types of society


Handout 1. Society and its types
The term society is generally used to refer to a group of organisms of the same species occupying a defined physical or geographical area. In most instances the term society is used to refer to human groups (who share a common culture).
Types of Societies


1. Hunting and gathering societies are societies in which all of the food intake of the members of the society is obtained by some combination of hunting, trapping, collecting shellfish, fishing and collecting edible plant materials.
2. Horticultural societies are those societies in which the major portion of the food intake of the members is obtained from crops which are grown on land which is cleared by the slash and burn technique.
3. Pastoral societies are societies in which the major portion of the livelihood of members is derived form the products obtained from herds of domesticated animals.
4. Agrarian societies are societies which are based uponcrops which are produced in conjunction with the use of the plow technique. The relatively high level of agricultural productivity in this type of society provides a situation favorable for the development of complex systems of social stratification and large permanent cities
5. Industrial Societies began to emerge with the so called Industrial Revolution which is generally agreed to have its origins with the invention of the steam engine (actually serveral improvements in the already existing steam engine) by James Watt in or around 1769 in England. Industrial societies combine science and technology with the utilization of energy to run machines.
6. The Postindustrial societies is characterized by the use of electronic manipulation and transmission of information. The advent of radio followed by the television, along with the development and evolution of the computer, are fundamental technological developments associated with the development of the postindustrial society.

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