Handbook on Restorative justice programmes

1.4 Process values and goals
There are at least four critical ingredients for a fully restorative process
to achieve its objectives: (a) an identifiable victim; (b) voluntary partic-
ipation by the victim; (c) an offender who accepts responsibility for his/her
criminal behaviour; and, (d) non-coerced participation of the offender.
Most restorative approaches strive to achieve a specific interactive
dynamic among the parties involved. The goal is to create a non-
adversarial, non-threatening environment in which the interests and needs
of the victim, the offender, the community and society can be addressed.
The objectives of restorative justice programmes and the kind of 
outcomes they purport to produce have led to the articulation of a
number of process values reflected to a different extent in each of the