LESSON 14
THE AIM OF THE LESSON: a) TO CONCENTRATE SS‘ ATTENTION ON
PRESENTED TOPIC.
b)TO EXPLAIN READING AND USING grammar.
THE PLAN OF THE LESSON:
1.Topic ―Khiva‖.
2.WORK ON THE MATERIALS OF ―SCALE UP‖
1.1 Read, translate and retell the main meaning of the topic: “
KHIVA
”
Ichan Kala, the fully preserved medieval citadel, the only of its kind in
Central Asia, is on the UNESCO world heritage list and has been carefully restored
to its ancient splendour. During the golden age of the Great Silk Road a major stop
for caravans and the trade centre the city is today a living museum. The
architectural monuments give an excellent overview over the wide range of styles
and techniques used in this area of the world. The Khorezm architects and builders
enjoyed a reputation as being among the most skilled in Central Asia, just as today
masters of the Special Scientific Restoration workshop in Khiva are called upon to
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provide their special know-how for the restoration of ancient sites all over
Uzbekistan. Khorezm traders were respected as brilliant merchants and patrons of
science and the arts. Although numerous times in the course of its history exposed
to destruction, epidemics, drought and famine, the citizens helped their town to
ever recurring renaissances, with architectural beauty, scientific development and
literary achievements foremost on their mind.
Foundation history
According to legend, the city was constructed in the desert, at a site where nomads struck upon a
well with extraordinarily tasty water. Exclaiming ―kheywak‖ the name stuck. The big well can
still be seen today in the northern-western part of Ichan Kala. Under Shah Abdul Abbos Mamun
in the 10th and 11th century, at the Academy of Mamun, gathered the greatest scientists and
thinkers of their time, such as Avicenna, Beruni and many more philosophers, mathematicians
and astronomers. Subsequently the area developed rapidly, and the region saw citadel cities a
plenty, of which only Khiva remains, having become the capital of the independent Khanat and
for a short period, the spiritual centre of the Islamic world. However, the Kizilkum desert in
Khorezm and bordering Karakalpakistan hold many fascinating archaeological ruins which can
be visited with specialised guides.
The population of the city, comprising both Ichan Kala and the outer city Dichan Kala is47000
people.
The Ichan Kala fortification was built upon earlier settlements. The clay walls of the 18th
century are ten metres high. Defence towers are placed every thirty meters along the walls and
water moats provided additional protection.
Kuhna Ark (Old fortress. 17-19th centuries)
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The Ichan Kala citadel consisting of numerous courtyards among which Kurinish
Khana (1804-1806) and Zarbkhana (1806-1825) are today most famous. Kuhna
Ark is an architectural museum displaying folk art master‘s genius
Comprehension Questions
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