Grammar for ielts writing a handbook by David S. Wills Contents

participle clauses you can add “-ing” to non-continuous verbs:
„
Being unable to provide for their families, many recently released pris-
oners feel a sense of shame. 
„
Believing that they are unlikely to succeed any other way, some prison-
ers look to a life of crime as their only option.
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Notes
Participle clauses are useful because they express information economically; 
however, the relationship between the parts of the sentence must be clear or 
else it can become confusing. Make sure that the first word in the sentence refers 
to the subject in the main clause or else you would end up with a dangling par-
ticiple: 
„
Causing a great deal of pollution, people often use cars to drive to 
work. 
„
Causing a great deal of pollution, cars are still the main choice for 
people getting to work.
„
People often use cars to drive to work, although they cause a lot of pol-
lution.
You should also avoid over-using participle clauses as this may sound un-
natural and archaic.