Grammar for ielts writing a handbook by David S. Wills Contents

Active
Passive
The subject does the verb
The verb is done to the subject
“John kicked the ball.”
“The ball was kicked by John.” 
C H A P T E R
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Active Voice
The active voice is far more common than the passive voice. This is because it 
provides a simpler relationship between the different parts of a sentence. It is 
more logical and propels the reader through the sentence usually in a clear order. 
Example:
„
The cat ate the mouse. 
Here, the subject (“the cat”) does the verb (“ate”) to an object (“the mouse”). 
However, the order can be inverted, resulting in the passive voice.
„
The mouse was eaten by the cat.
In this case, the mouse is no longer the object of the sentence; it is the sub-
ject. However, the poor little mouse is still the recipient of the verb. It is still being 
eaten by the cat. 
Passive Voice
In passive voice sentences, the verb is done to the subject of the sentence, as we 
just saw with the poor mouse. Let’s look at some more examples: 
„
Active: 
The poacher shot the tiger.
„
Passive: 
The tiger was shot by the poacher.
„
Active: 
The printer ate my paper.
„
Passive: 
My paper was eaten by the printer.
To form the passive, we simply take the object of the verb and turn it into a 
subject. In other words, the sentence is flipped backward. But not all sentences 
can be made into the passive. Intransitive verbs, for example, cannot be made 
passive. There are also some small changes that need to be made:
Let’s take a simple, active sentence as an example: 
„
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
To make this into a passive sentence, we must put the Mona Lisa first and da 
Vinci last. However, this would give us the following sentence: 
„
The Mona Lisa painted Leonardo da Vinci.