Grammar for ielts fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson ■L& 11

0
USA 
Japan 
B razil 
Russia
Percentage of yearly income spent on the clothes by age group and nationality.
The bar cha rt shows the percentage of th e ir income th a t d ifferent age groups spend on 
clothing in a year. The age groups are children and teenagers, young adults and m iddle 
aged people, and the data is from fo u r countries. Overall, we can see that the 20-39 age 
group spends the largest part of th e ir income, between 35 and 40 per cent on clothes. In 
contrast, the group which spends the least on clothes is the oldest group who are between 
40 and 60 years old except fo r in B razil w here this age group spends the m ost on clothing. 
Regarding nationality, in the USA it can be seen that the expenditure on clothes decreases 
w ith age, whereas in Brazil this trend is reversed. In Japan and Russia the distribution 
of spending across the age groups is proportionally s im ila r but fo r a ll age groups the 
Japanese spend more than the Russians.
Functions
A Gives an overall trend and additional details on age groups.
B Provides an introduction to w hat inform ation is in the graph.
C Gives the overall trends fo r d ifferent nationalities.
Fashion 
7 1
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Grammar tip: 
Always make sure that any paragraph you w rite has one main idea or 
function.
3 
Decide w hich heading A, B o r C co rre ctly describes the main idea in each paragraph.
Exam tip: 
When you are m atching headings to paragraphs in the IELTS Reading exam, 
make sure that the heading matches the 
main idea 
of the paragraph not the details.
1 
Fashion is often described as a statem ent of individuality. Despite the fact that many 
people believe that they have a neutral approach to fashion, the selection of brands and 
specific item s of clothing can reveal a lot about a person's image. An example of this is 
people who do not buy designer clothes but purchase designer glasses. As a functional 
accessory it seems unnecessary to purchase designer glasses. Fashion experts claim
that this occurs p rim a rily because these people have to w ear glasses so they want to 
make them selves stand out through th e ir glasses choice although they do not apply 
this to th e ir clothing choices.