Grammar for ielts fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson ■L& 11

First conditional 
is used to ta lk about future situations based on conditions.
jf the w orld continues to focus on inte rna tio n al trade, we w ill need to make our education 
systems more global.
Second conditional 
is used to speculate on som ething th a t we th in k is impossible.
jf we didn’t have cheap transport, we w ou ld n ’t have global products.
Third conditional 
is used to speculate about past events. It is often used to express regret or to 
imagine a different result of a past situation.
People would have exchanged ideas much e a rlie r jf the governm ent had changed the laws on 
inform ation protection during the 1990s.
Mixed conditional 
is used to express the present result of a past situation or explain how a present 
situation affected a past action. To do this we use a combination of second and third conditionals.
Transnational corporations w o u ld n ’t exist if 
globalization hadn’t become the dom inant 
form of trade in m odern society.
jf capitalism w asn’t so popular, globalization 
may not have happened so quickly.
Other conditional structures/form s: 
There are other w ords and phrases which have a s im ila r 
meaning to 
if
and are used to express conditions. Some of these are 
suppose/supposing [that],
provided/providing (that], on condition (that), as/so long as, untess
(meaning 
if not].
Providing technological progress continues at its 
cu rren t speed, w e 'll be interacting w ith a much 
w id e r range of nationalities in the near future.
Unless we control globalization, national 
identity w ill decline sharply.
< ^S e e page 120/1 in the G ram m ar reference fo r more inform ation.
Grammar for IELTS
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