Grafiklar. Matplotlib moduli

import pylab
import matplotlib.patches
import matplotlib.lines
import matplotlib.path
def drawRect(color):
pylab.xlim(-2, 2)
pylab.ylim(-2, 2)
pylab.grid()
axes = pylab.gca()
axes.set_aspect("equal")
rect_back = matplotlib.patches.Rectangle((-0.5, -0.5), 1, 1, color='k')
rect_front = matplotlib.patches.Rectangle((-1, -1), 2, 2, color=color)
axes.add_patch(rect_back)
axes.add_patch(rect_front)
pylab.text(-1.5, 1.7, u'color = {}'.format(color))
pylab.show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
color = (0.5, 0.2, 0.3)
drawRect(color)
Натижа:

Agar biz rangni tavsiflaydigan qismga (yoki ro'yxatga) to'rtinchi elementni qo'shsak, u alfa kanalini yoki shaffofligini bildiradi. Agar to'rtinchi element 1,0 bo'lsa, unda rang mutlaqo noaniq bo'ladi (xuddi alfa kanali o'rnatilmagan kabi) va agar u 0.0 bo'lsa, unda ob'ekt to'liq shaffof bo'ladi (ko'rinmas).
Quyidagi misolda rangi 0,8 ga teng bo'lgan alfa-kanal qo'shilgan, shuning uchun biz oxir-oqibat ilgari yashirilgan pastki kvadratni ko'ramiz.
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pylab
import matplotlib.patches
import matplotlib.lines
import matplotlib.path
def drawRect(color):
pylab.xlim(-2, 2)
pylab.ylim(-2, 2)
pylab.grid()
axes = pylab.gca()
axes.set_aspect("equal")
rect_back = matplotlib.patches.Rectangle((-0.5, -0.5), 1, 1, color='k')
rect_front = matplotlib.patches.Rectangle((-1, -1), 2, 2, color=color)
axes.add_patch(rect_back)
axes.add_patch(rect_front)
pylab.text(-1.5, 1.7, u'color = {}'.format(color))
pylab.show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
color = (0.5, 0.2, 0.3, 0.8)
drawRect(color)
Натижа:

Rangni belgilashning alohida holati har xil yorqinlik darajasidagi kul rangni tanlashdir. Ma'lumki, kul rang - bu R, G va B tarkibiy qismlari bir-biriga teng bo'lgan rang, shuning uchun kul rangni aniqlash uchun faqat bitta raqamni ko'rsatish kifoya. Matplotlib-da buning uchun rang sifatida 0.0 (qora rang) dan 1.0 (oq rang) oralig'ida suzuvchi nuqta raqamini belgilashingiz mumkin.
Quyidagi misol kulrang kvadratni chizadi:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-