Gold and Diamonds: The Social and Environmental Impacts of Mining for the Diamond Ring

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Appendix A – Life Cycle of the Diamond Ring



Appendix B – BHP Billiton


Fig. 1: BHP Billiton’s global operations.

(BHP, 2006)

Fig. 2: Roberts Environmental Center Pacific Sustainability Index (PSI) results for BHPB.

http://www.roberts.cmc.edu/PSI/AutoReports2.asp?ReportNameID=712

1 Chevalier, P. Gold. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/ms/pdf/nfo/nfo05/gold_e.pdf

2 Ibid.

3 Canada: A Diamond Producing Nation. NRCan. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/ms/diam/index_e.htm

4 Ibid.

5 Ibid.

6 Canadian Diamonds. Diamond Info. http://www.diamondinfo.org/canadian-diamonds.html

7 Durucan et al. Mining life cycle modeling: a cradle-to-gate approach to environmental management in the minerals industry. Journal for Cleaner Production. 2006. 14;1057-1070.

8 Poliquin, Morgan. Mineral Exploration Techniques. Kitco Casey. 2005. http://www.kitcocasey.com/displayMining.php?id=5

9 Ibid.

10 Working on Crown Land: What you should know about Mineral Exploration, Building Construction and Road and Trail Construction. NRCan. 1996. http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/csb/news/crown1.html

11 No Dirty Gold

12 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data Search. Environment Canada. 2003.

http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/query/index_e.cfm

13 Toxic Release Inventory. Chemical Fact Sheets .National Mining Association.

http://www.nma.org/pdf/tri/tri_fact_sheets.pdf.

14 Dirty Gold Impacts. No Dirty Gold. http://www.nodirtygold.org/dirty_golds_impacts.cfm

15 Ayers et al. The Life Cycle of Copper, its Co-Products and By-Products. Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development, 2002.

16 Cohen, R. of microbes for cost reduction of metal removal from metals and mining industry waste streams. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2006. 14; 1146-1157.

17 Findlay J. Personal Communication 1 October 2006.

18 Dirty Gold Impacts

19 Diavik. http://www.diavik.ca/WCD.htm

20 Neved, Jansz. Waste Water Pollution Control in the Australian Mining Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production. 14 (2006); 1118-1120.

21 Ibid.

22 No Dirty Gold

23 Tang et al. A New Elegant Technique for Polishing CVD Diamond Films. Diamond and Related Materials. Aug. 2003. Vol. 12 Issue 8. 1411-1416.

24 Ayres 2002.

25 Chang et al. The Global Diamond Industry. Chazen Web Journal of International Business. Fall 2002. http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/journals/files/chazen/Global_Diamond_Industry.pdf

26 Chang et al. 2002.

27 Newmont the Gold Company http://www.newmont.com/en/

28 Ceres www.ceres.org/ceres

29 Cogan, Douglas G. Corporate Governance and Climate Change: Making the Connection, Summary Report. Ceres, March 2006. 3.

30 Ibid. 3.

31 About the Global Compact: The Ten Principles. The United Nations Global Compact.

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/AboutTheGC/TheTenPrinciples/index.html

32 2005 Annual Report NYSE. Newmont the Gold Company. Accessed 28 October, 2006.

http://www.newmont.com/en/investor/releases/media/newmont/2005_Annual_Report.pdf

33 The Mining, Minerals, and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project. International

Institute for Environment and Development. http://www.iied.org/mmsd/what_is_mmsd.html

34 Mining Policy Research Initiative (MPRI). International Development Research

Council: Environment and Natural Resource Management.

http://www.idrc.ca/minga/ev-70315-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

35 Mining Certification. World Wildlife Fund. http://wwf.org.au/ourwork/industry/mining/

36 What We Stand For. Council for Responsible Jewellery Practices. http://www.responsiblejewellery.com/what.htm

37 Fisheries Act: Metal Mining Effluent Regulations. Acts Administered in Part by the Minister of the Environment. Environment Canada: Environment Acts and Regulations. 1979. http://www.ec.gc.ca/EnviroRegs/Eng/SearchDetail.cfm?&intReg=174

38 Waste Discharge Regulation Implementation Guide. British Columbia Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Division. 2006. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/epdiv/env_mgt_act/pdf/wdr_implement_guide.pdf

39 Dirty Metals. No Dirty Gold. http://www.nodirtygold.org/pubs/DirtyMetals_HR.pdf

40 Ibid.

41 Newmont 2006. www.newmont.com/en

42 Ibid.

43 Communities Affected by Newmont Speak Out. No Dirty Gold. 27 April 2005.

http://www.nodirtygold.org/newmont_communities.cfm

44 Ibid.

45 Ibid.

46 Ibid.

47 Ibid.

48 Ceres 2006

49 DJSI STOXX - Supersector Leaders. 2006. DJSI.

http://www.sustainability-index.com/djsi_pdf/Bios06/CBR_BHP_Billiton_06.pdf

50 BHP Billiton. Company Overview. BHP Billiton. http://www.BHP Billitonilliton.com/bb/aboutUs/companyOverview.jsp

51 Ibid.

52 Ibid.

53 BHP Billiton’s Sustainable Development Policy. BHP Billiton. 2005.

http://www.BHP Billitonilliton.com/bbContentRepository/docs/SustainableDevelopment/policiesAndKeyDocuments/HSECPolicy.pdf

54 BHP Billiton 2003 Health Safety Environment and Community Report. Roberts

Environmental Center. http://www.roberts.cmc.edu/PSI/AutoReports2.asp?ReportNameID=712

55 Ibid.

56 BHP Billion 2005 Sustainable Development Policy

57 BHP: The Quiet Deceiver. 2003. Mineral Policy Institute (MPI). Media Background Briefing.

http://www.mpi.org.au/companies/BHP Billiton/bhp_deceiver/

58 Diavik. http://www.diavik.ca/WCD.htm

59 Ibid.

60 Diavik. http://www.diavik.ca/WCD.htm

61 Ekati. http://ekati.BHP Billitonilliton.com/default.asp

62 http://www.teckcominco.com/operations/sullivan/sustainability.htm accessed January 15th 2007.

63 Ibid.

64 Ibid.

65 Ibid.

66 http://www.newmont.com/en/operations/nthamerica/holloway/social/index.asp accessed January 15th 2007.

67 Ibid.

68 Ibid.

69 Ibid.

70 CRJP

71 Code of Ethics – Commitment. CIBJO The World Jewellery Confederation. http://www.cibjo.org/commitment.html

72 Corporate Responsibility. Supplier Code of Conduct. Jewelers of America.

http://www.jewelers.org/pdf/CorporateResponsibility/SupplierCode.pdf

73 Diamonds in Conflict: The Kimberley Process. www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/diamond/kimberlindex.htm

74 Paquin M, Sbert C. Toward Effective Environmental Compliance and enforcement in

Latin America and the Caribbean. UNISFERA: Centre International Centre. November

2004.

http://www.unisfera.org/IMG/pdf/New_approaches_to_environmental_protection_vfinal3_ajout_.pdf.