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ASSIMILATION

Assimilation helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand phonemic changes = sound changes in order to improve your listening and speaking skills. They are called ‘changing sounds’.

RAPID/CASUAL SPEECH
/t/  CHANGES to	/p/		BEFORE /m/,  /b/, /p/
/t/  CHANGES to	/k/		BEFORE  /k/, /g/
/d/  CHANGES to	/b/		BEFORE /m/,  /b/, /p/
/d/  CHANGES to	/g/		BEFORE /k/, /g/
/n/ CHANGES to	/m/		BEFORE  /m/, /b/, /p/
/n/ CHANGES to	/ŋ/		BEFORE  /k/, /g/
/s/  CHANGES to	/ʃ/		BEFORE  /ʃ/,  /y/
/z/ CHANGES to	/ʒ/		BEFORE  /ʃ/,  /y/
/θ/  CHANGES to	/s/		BEFORE  /s/

-Have to study            /ˈhæftə ˌstʌdi/ /v/  changes to /f/ before /t/

-What do you do?       /ˈwɑt dʒʊ ˌdu/ /dy/ changes to /dʒ/ 

-Don't you know?      /ˈdoʊn tʃə ˌnoʊ/ /ty/  changes to /tʃ/ 

/t/ changes to /p/ before /m/, /b/, /p/

       

-best man        /ˌbɛsp ˈmæn/

-Great Britain       /ˌgreɪp ˈbrɪtn/

-pocket money      /ˈpɑkɪp ˌmʌni/

-sit back          /ˌsɪp ˈbæk/

-sweet pepper     /ˌswip ˈpɛpɚ/

-that man          /ˌthæp ˈmæn/

-white meat         /ˌwaɪp ˈmit/
/t/ changes to /k/ before /k/, /g/

       

-credit card                 /ˈkrɛdɪk kɑrd/

-fat girl                       /ˌfæk ˈgɚl/

-first class                     /ˌfɚsk ˈklæs/

-that key                    /ˌthæk ˈki/

/d/ changes to /b/ before /m/, /b/, /p/

     

-bad pain                 /ˌbæb ˈpeɪn/

-closed mind             /ˌkloʊzb ˈmaɪnd/

-gold medal            /ˌgoʊlb ˈmɛdl/

-good morning        /gʊb ˈmɔrnɪŋ/

-old boy                /ˌoʊlb ˈbɔɪ/

-second plan          /ˌsɛkənb ˈplæn/

-stand by               /ˌstænb ˈbaɪ/

-goodbye /gʊbˈbaɪ/

-good man /ˌgʊb ˈmæn/
/d/ changes to /g/ before /k/, /g/

        

-bad girl                      /ˌbæg ˈgɚl/

-good cook                 /ˌgʊg ˈkʊk/

-red carpet                   /ˌrɛg ˈkɑrpɪt/

-sand castle                   /ˌsæng ˈkæsəl/

-second class                 /ˌsɛkəng ˈklæs/

/n/ changes to /m/ before /m/, /b/, /p/

     

-garden party           /ˈgɑrdm ˌpɑrt̬i/

-green bean               /ˌgrim ˈbin/

-one pair                   /ˌwʌm ˈpɛr/

-open mind              /ˌoʊpəm ˈmaɪnd/

-sunbathe                /ˈsʌmbeɪð/

-grandpa /ˈgræmpɑ/

/n/ changes to /ŋ/ before /k/, /g/

       

-green card /ˌgriŋ ˈkɑrd/

-clean canal             /ˌkliŋ kəˈnæl/

-Roman calendar          /ˌroʊməŋ ˈkæləndɚ/

-sunglasses /ˈsʌŋˌglæsɪz/

/s/ changes to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/, /y/

       

-dress shop                  /ˈdrɛʃ ˌʃɑp/

-nice shoes                   /ˌnaɪʃ  ˈʃuz/

-nice yacht                   /ˌnaɪʃ ˈyɑt/

-nice year /ˌnaɪʃ ˈyɪr/

 

/z/ changes to /ʒ/ before /ʃ/, /y/

       

-wise showman /ˌwaɪʒ ˈʃoʊmən/

-name's Sharon                /ˌneɪmʒ ˈʃærən/

-these shops                 /ˌðiʒ ˈʃɑps/
/θ/ changes to /s/ before /s/

       

-both sides                   /ˌboʊs ˈsaɪdz/

-fifth summer               /ˌfɪfs ˈsʌmɚ/

-fifth season                /ˌfɪfs ˈsizən/

-seventh section /ˌsɛvəns ˈsɛkʃən/

LINKING
In spoken English, we link words together if one ends with a consonant sound - b, d, m, n, l, p... - and the next starts with a vowel sound – e, i, u, ə, ɪ...

When people speak quickly, they link the consonant sound at the end of one word with the vowel sound at the start of the next word.

Linking = liaison helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand linking in order to improve your listening and speaking skills.
ISTANBUL TURKISH :

SPELLING	LINKING CONSONANTS to VOWELS
Dikkat et	/dikkɑ-tet/
Akşam oldu	/ɑkşɑ-mol-du/
Bir arada	/bi-rɑ-rɑ-dɑ/
Yemin ettim.	/yemi-nettim/
Okuldan izin aldım	/okuldɑ-nizi-nɑldım/
Senin elin	/seni-nelin/
Elinden aldı.	/elinde-nɑldı/
Sevmek istiyorum	/sevme-kistiyorum/
Yapmış olunca	/yɑpmı-şoluncɑ/

        

                              

                                  

LINKING CONSONANTS to VOWELS

Act-out the story.	/æk-taʊt ðə stɔri/
Before-a noun.	/bɪfɔ-rə naʊn/
Come-in-and sit down.	/kʌ-mɪ-nən sɪt daʊn/
He got-up-at six.	/hi gɑ-tʌ-pət sɪks/
He runs for-a long time.	/hi rʌnz fə-rə lɔŋ taɪm/
He walked-away.	/hi wɔk-tə weɪ/
He was big-and slow.	/hi wəz bɪg-ən sloʊ/
How much-is-it?	/haʊ mʌ-tʃə-zɪt/
I forget-about-it.	/aɪ fɚgɛ-təbaʊ-tɪt/
I get-a haircut.	/aɪ gɛ-tə hɛrkʌt/
I have-a little money.	/aɪ hæ-və lɪt̬l mʌni/
I ride-a bicycle.	/aɪ raɪ-də baɪsɪkəl/
I think-of-it.	/aɪ θɪŋ-kə-vɪt/
I was-at-a party.	/aɪ wə-zə-tə pɑrt̬i/
It may take-a year.	/ɪt meɪ teɪ-kə yɪr/
It was-a dark place.	/ɪt wə-zə dɑrk pleɪs/
It-is-a picture-of car.	/ɪt-sə pɪktʃə-rəv kɑr/
It's-an-apple.	/ɪt-sə-næpəl/
Look-at the pictures.	/lʊ-kət ðə pɪktʃɚz/
Make-a poster-about yourself.	/meɪ-kə poʊstə-rəbaʊt yɚsɛlf/
She bought-a few books.	/ʃi bɔ-tə fyu bʊks/
He’s good-at his work.	/hiz gʊ-də-tɪz wɚk/
She waits half-an hour.	/ʃi weɪts hæ-fə-naʊɚ/
she walks-in the fresh-air.	/ʃi wɔk-sɪn ðə frɛ-ʃɛr/
That was-in-September.	/ðæt wə-zɪn sɛptɛmbɚ/
The topic-of the program.	/ðə tɑpɪ-kəv ðə proʊgræm/
There were-a lot-of desks.	/ðɛr wə-rə lɑ-təv dɛs/
They help-us.	/ðeɪ hɛl-pəs/
They look-at-it-in surprise.	/ðeɪ lʊ-kə-tɪ-tɪn sɚpraɪz/
They make-a cake.	/ðeɪ meɪ-kə keɪk/
They read-a book.	/ðeɪ ri-də bʊk/
We meet-at seven.	/wi mi-tət sɛvən/
You don't want-it.	/yə doʊntwʌn-tɪt/

LINKING CONSONANTS to VOWELS

after an accident	afte-ra-naccident	/æftə-rə-næksədənt/
ask her about	as-ke-rabout	/æs-kə-rəbaʊt/
back in	ba-ckin	/bæ-kɪn/
bad at	ba-dat	/bæ-dæt/
come and go	co-mand go	/kʌ-mən goʊ/
decide on	deci-don	/dɪsaɪ-dɑn/
for him	fo-rim	/fə-rɪm/
front of	fron-tof	/frʌn-təv/
get up	ge-tup	/gɛ-tʌp/
good at	goo-dat	/gʊ-dæt/
has an	ha-san	/hæ-zən/
have a	ha-va	/hæ-və/
have an egg	ha-va-negg	/hæ-və-nɛg/
help it	hel-pit	/hɛl-pɪt/
invite a	invi-ta	/ɪnvaɪ-tə/
it is	i-tis	/ɪ-təz/
make of	ma-kof	/meɪ-kʌv/
of a	o-fa	/ə-və/
paint it	pain-tit	/peɪn-tɪt/
perform it	perfor-mit	/pɚfɔr-mɪt/
place of	pla-cof	/pleɪ-səv/
record it	recor-did	/rɪkɔr-dɪd/
speak and	spea-kand	/spi-kən/
such as	su-chas	/sʌ-tʃəz/
swim and	swi-mand	/swɪ-mən/
take it easy	ta-ki-teasy	/teɪ-kɪ-tizi/
take off	ta-koff	/teɪ-kɔf/
these are	the-sare	/ði-zɚ/
twice a week	twi-ca week	/twaɪ-sə wik/
under a	unde-ra	/ʌndə-rə/
which activities	whi-chactivities	/wɪ-tʃæktɪvət̬iz/
which of	whi-chof	/wɪ-tʃəv/
with her boyfriend	wi-ther boyfriend	/wɪ-ðɚ-bɔɪfrɛnd/
write or	wri-tor	/raɪ-t̬ɚ/

ELISION

It is mainly /t/ and /d/ are elided (leave out, omit) in English, particularly when they are between two other consonants. They are losing or disappearing in spoken English.

We don’t pronounce the letters ‘t’ or ‘d’ when they come at the end of a word and the next word starts with a consonant sound.

 

In spoken English, Elision = Omission helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand elision in order to improve your listening and speaking skills.

ISTANBUL TURKISH :

ELISION = OMISSION
SPELLING	PRONUNCIATION
Artist oldu.	/ɑrtis oldu/
Astsubay	/ɑssubɑi/
Bir çift çorap	/bir çif çorɑp/
Büst dikti.	/büs dikti/
Çiftçi	/çifçi/
Dost kalalım.	/dos kɑlɑlım/
Dürüst davran.	/dürüs dɑvrɑn/
Serbest muhasebeci	/serbes muhɑsebeci/
Tost yedi.	/tos yedi/

NOTE:

Elision	/ɪˈlɪʒən/
Omission	/oʊˈmɪʃən/, /əˈmɪʃən/