|
NOTE:
‘ng’ = /ŋ/
|
‘nk’, ‘nc’ = /ŋk/
|
-beginning /ˈbɪgɪnɪŋ/
-catching /ˈkætʃɪŋ/
-coming /ˈkʌmɪŋ/
-cutting /ˈkʌt̬ɪŋ/
-doing /ˈduɪŋ/
-eating /ˈit̬ɪŋ/
-falling /ˈfɔlɪŋ/
-feeling /ˈfilɪŋ/
-fighting /ˈfaɪt̬ɪŋ/
-finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/
-giving /ˈgɪvɪŋ/
-going /ˈgoʊɪŋ/
-having /ˈhævɪŋ/
-hitting /ˈhɪt̬ɪŋ/
-leaving /ˈlivɪŋ/
-listening /ˈlɪsnɪŋ/
-losing /ˈluzɪŋ/
-making /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/
-meaning /ˈminɪŋ/
-putting /ˈpʊt̬ɪŋ/
-reading /ˈridɪŋ/
-rising /ˈraɪzɪŋ/
-running /ˈrʌnɪŋ/
-selling /ˈsɛlɪŋ/
-sitting /ˈsɪt̬ɪŋ/
-sleeping /ˈslipɪŋ/
-speaking /ˈspikɪŋ/
-spending /ˈspɛndɪŋ/
-standing /ˈstændɪŋ/
-swimming /ˈswɪmɪŋ/
-telling /ˈtɛlɪŋ/
-thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/
-writing /ˈraɪt̬ɪŋ/
/h/
-habit /ˈhæbɪt/
-had to /ˈhæt tə/ /ˈhæt tʊ/
-half /hæf/
-handicapped /ˈhændɪˌkæpt/
-hang /hæŋ/
-happily /ˈhæpəli/
-harbor /ˈhɑrbɚ/
-harmful /hɑrmfəl/
-has to /ˈhæs tə/ /ˈhæs tʊ/
-have to /ˈhæf tə/ /ˈhæf tʊ/
-hazel /ˈheɪzəl/
-heard /hɚd/
-heart /hɑrt/
-heat /hit/
-heavily /ˈhɛvəli/
-heel /hil/
-height /haɪt/
-hero /ˈhɪroʊ/
-hers /hɚz/
-hesitate /ˈhɛzəˌteɪt/
-hit /hɪt/
-hoped /hoʊpt/
-hurt /hɚt/
-inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/
-inhale /ɪnˈheɪl/
-inherit /ɪnˈhɛrɪt/
-inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/
-who /hu/
-whole /hoʊl/
-whom /hum/
-whose /huz/
*honest /ˈɑnɪst/
*honour /ˈɑnɚ/
*hour /aʊɚ/
/r/
-appropriate /əˈproʊpriɪt/
-approximate /əˈprɑksəmɪt/
-around /əˈraʊnd/
-arrest /əˈrɛst/
-arrive /ə'raɪv/
-brain /breɪn/
-carry /'kæri/
-country /'kʌntri/
-courage /ˈkɚɪdʒ/ /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/
-crazy /'kreɪzi/
-currency /ˈkɚənsi/ /ˈkʌrənsi/
-currently /ˈkɚəntli/ /ˈkʌrəntli/
-foreign /ˈfɑrɪn/ /ˈfɔrɪn/
-forest /ˈfɑrɪst/ /ˈfɔrɪst/
-forever /fəˈrɛvɚ/ /fɔˈrɛvɚ/
-horror /'hɔrɚ/ /'hɑrɚ/
-hundred /ˈhʌndrɪd/
-hurry /'hɚi/ /'hʌri/
-jewelry /'dʒuəlri/
-marriage /ˈmærɪdʒ/
-married /ˈmærid/
-memory /'mɛmri/ /'mɛməri/
-perhaps /pɚˈhæps/ /præps/
-quarrel /ˈkwɔrəl/ /ˈkwɑrəl/
-rain /reɪn/
-rich /rɪtʃ/
-ride /raɪd/
-rule /rul/
-sorry /'sɑri/ /'sɔri/
-street /strit/
-wherever /wɛrˈɛvɚ/
-worried /ˈwɚid/ /ˈwʌrid/
‘r’ before ‘a vowel’ or ‘y’ = /r/
|
/y/
-ambulance /ˈæmbyələns/
-behavior /bɪˈheɪvyɚ/
-billion /ˈbɪlyən/
-failure /ˈfeɪlyɚ/
-lawyer /ˈlɔyɚ/
-million /ˈmɪlyən/
-onion /ˈʌnyən/
-opinion /əˈpɪnyən/
-rebellion /rɪˈbɛlyən/
-yacht /yɑt/
-yard /yɑrd/
-yawn /yɔn/
-yeah /yɛə/
-yellow /ˈyɛloʊ/
-young /yʌŋ/
-yours /yʊrz/ /yɔrz/
-youth /yuθ/
-argue /ˈɑrgyu/
-argument /ˈɑrgyəmənt/
-beautiful /ˈbyut̬əfəl/
-beauty /ˈbyut̬i/
-communicate /kəˈmyunəˌkeɪt/
-computer /kəmˈpyut̬ɚ/
-confuse /kənˈfyuz/
-confusion /kənˈfyuʒən/
-continue /kənˈtɪnyu/
-contribute /kənˈtrɪbyut/ /kənˈtrɪbyət/
-cucumber /ˈkyuˌkʌmbɚ/
-future /ˈfyutʃɚ/
-huge /hyudʒ/
-human /ˈhyumən/
-humid /ˈhyumɪd/
-humorous /ˈhyumərəs/
-humour /ˈhyumɚ/
-menu /ˈmɛnyu/
-museum /myuˈziəm/
-music /ˈmyuzɪk/
-mute /myut/
-mutual /ˈmyutʃuəl/
-pupil /ˈpyupəl/
-queue /kyu/
-refuse /rɪˈfyuz/
-rescue /ˈrɛskyu/
-union /ˈyunyən/
-unique /yuˈnik/
-unit /ˈyunɪt/
-use (n) /yus/
-use (v) /yuz/
-useful /ˈyusfəl/
-useless /ˈyuslɪs/
-usual /ˈyuʒuəl/ /ˈyuʒəl/
-usually /ˈyuʒuəli/ /ˈyuʒəli/
-value /ˈvælyu/
ENGLISH STOP CONSONANTS (PLOSIVES)
Stop consonants are weak, low and quiet at the end of words. We stop the consonant sound and don’t open our lips or tongue again, but at the beginning of words are strong and long. We stop the consonant sound for a very short time and open our lips or tongue again.
/p/
|
|
help
|
/hɛlp/
|
sleep
|
/slip/
|
stop
|
/stɑp/
|
/b/
|
|
job
|
/dʒɑb/
|
rob
|
/rɑb/
|
kebab
|
/kəˈbɑb/
|
/t/
|
|
cat
|
/kæt/
|
interest
|
/ˈɪntrɪst/
|
plant
|
/plænt/
|
/d/
|
|
hand
|
/hænd/
|
need
|
/nid/
|
word
|
/wɚd/
|
/k/
|
|
park
|
/pɑrk/
|
talk
|
/tɔk/
|
walk
|
/wɔk/
|
/g/
|
|
bag
|
/bæg/
|
dog
|
/dɔg/
|
leg
|
/lɛg/
|
Stop consonants
|
at the end
|
weak, quiet and short.
|
Stop consonants
|
at the beginning
|
strong and long.
|
DI-GRAPHS
A di-graph is a single sound, or phoneme which consists of two letters.
Two letters represent one sound.
ch
|
/tʃ/
|
chance
|
/ tʃæns/
|
gh
|
/g/
|
ghost
|
/goʊst/
|
ng
|
/ŋ/
|
song
|
/sɔŋ/
|
ph
|
/f/
|
phonetic
|
/fəˈnɛt̬ɪk/
|
sh
|
/ʃ/
|
shoot
|
/ʃut/
|
th
|
/ð/
|
mother
|
/ˈmʌðɚ/
|
th
|
/θ/
|
thing
|
/θɪŋ/
|
wh
|
/w/
|
where
|
/wer/
|
wr
|
/r/
|
wrist
|
/rɪst/
|
SAME DOUBLE CONSONANTS
/b/
|
bb
|
rabbit
|
/ˈræbɪt/
|
/d/
|
dd
|
kidding
|
/ˈkɪdɪŋ/
|
/f/
|
ff
|
difficult
|
/ˈdɪfəˌkʌlt/
|
/g/
|
gg
|
beggar
|
/ˈbɛgɚ/
|
/l/
|
ll
|
follow
|
/ˈfɑloʊ/
|
/m/
|
mm
|
summer
|
/ˈsʌmɚ/
|
/n/
|
nn
|
dinner
|
/ˈdɪnɚ/
|
/p/
|
pp
|
slipper
|
/ˈslɪpɚ/
|
/r/
|
rr
|
borrow
|
/ˈbɑroʊ/, /ˈbɔroʊ/
|
/s/
|
ss
|
kissing
|
/ˈkɪsɪŋ/
|
/t/
|
tt
|
sitting
|
/ˈsɪt̬ɪŋ/
|
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: | 
