Identifying Niches in Established Markets
An
established market
is one in
which several large firms compete according to relatively well-defined criteria. For exam-
ple, throughout the 1970s, several well-known computer-manufacturing companies,
including IBM, Digital Equipment, and Hewlett-Packard, competed according to three
product criteria: computing power, service, and price. Over the years, the computing
power and quality of service delivered by these firms continued to improve, while prices
(especially relative to computing power) continued to drop.
Enter Apple Computer and the personal computer. For Apple, user-friendliness, not
computing power, service, or price, was to be the basis of competition. Apple targeted
every manager, every student, and every home as the owner of a personal computer.
Apple’s major entrepreneurial act was not to invent a new technology (indeed, the first
Apple computers used all standard parts taken from other computers), but to recognize a
new kind of computer and a new way to compete in the computer industry.
Apple’s approach to competition was to identify a new niche in an established market.
A
niche
is simply a segment of a market that is not currently being exploited. In general,
small entrepreneurial businesses are better at discovering these niches than are larger
organizations. For example, David Tran launched a new hot sauce product, Sriracha
Hot Chili Sauce, because he thought existing products were a bit too mild. From a mod-
est beginning about 10 years ago, Tran now sells over 20 million bottles of Sriracha a
year.
17
Another example is described in the “Leading the Way” feature. Large organiza-
tions usually have so many resources committed to older, established business practices
that they may be unaware of new opportunities. Entrepreneurs can see these opportu-
nities and move quickly to take advantage of them.
Dave Gilboa and Neil Blumenthal recently founded Warby Parker, a business that
sells prescription eyewear through the mail. The entrepreneurs realized that most consu-
mers disliked the experience of going to an optical shop to try on glasses and then were
irritated at the price of those glasses. So, Warby Parker offers lower-priced glasses with
hip designs and a money-back guarantee. Astute marketing then allowed them to get a
quick start with their niche business, selling over 50,000 pairs of glasses and generating
profits after only a single year of operation.
18
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |