Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed

24

Part 1: An Introduction to Management

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(concerned with improving efficiency and work

methods for individual workers) and adminis-

trative management (concerned with how orga-

nizations themselves should be structured and

arranged for efficient operations).

• The behavioral management perspective, char-

acterized by a concern for individual and group

behavior, emerged primarily as a result of the

Hawthorne studies. The human relations

movement recognized the importance and

potential of behavioral processes in organiza-

tions but made many overly simplistic

assumptions about those processes. Organiza-

tional behavior, a more realistic outgrowth of

the behavioral perspective, is of interest to

many contemporary managers.

• The quantitative management perspective, which

attempts to apply quantitative techniques to

decision making and problem solving, has two

components: management science and opera-

tions management. These areas are also of con-

siderable importance to contemporary managers.

Their contributions have been facilitated by the

tremendous increase in the use of personal com-

puters and integrated information networks.

3.

Identify and discuss key contemporary manage-

ment perspectives represented by the systems and

contingency perspectives, and identify the major

challenges and opportunities faced by managers

today.

• Two relatively recent additions to management

theory that can serve as frameworks for inte-

grating the other perspectives are the systems

perspective and the contingency perspective.

• The important issues and challenges that con-

temporary managers face include globalization,

ethics and social responsibility, product and

service quality, the service economy, the eco-

nomic recession of 2008–2010, the new work-

place, workforce diversity, organization change,

and technology.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS