Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed



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Chapter 12: Communication in Organizations

3 7 5

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grapevines.

21

The two most common are illustrated in Figure 12.5. The gossip chain



occurs when one person spreads the message to many other people. Each one, in

turn, may either keep the information confidential or pass it on to others. The gossip

chain is likely to carry personal information. The other common grapevine is the clus-

ter chain, in which one person passes the information to a selected few individuals.

Some of the receivers pass the information to a few other individuals; the rest keep it to

themselves.

There is some disagreement about whether the information carried by the grapevine is

accurate, but research is increasingly finding it to be fairly accurate, especially when the

information is based on fact rather than speculation. One study found that the grapevine

may be between 75 and 95 percent accurate.

22

That same study also found that informal



communication is increasing in many organizations for two basic reasons. One contribut-

ing factor is the recent increase in merger, acquisition, and takeover activity. Because such

activity can greatly affect the people within an organization, it follows that they may spend

more time talking about it.

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The second contributing factor is that as more and more



corporations move facilities from inner cities to suburbs, employees tend to talk less and

less to others outside the organization and more and more to one another.

Attempts to eliminate the grapevine are fruitless, but fortunately the manager does

have some control over it. By maintaining open channels of communication and

responding vigorously to inaccurate information, the manager can minimize the dam-

age the grapevine can do. The grapevine can actually be an asset. By learning who the

key people in the grapevine are, for example, the manager can partially control the

information they receive and use the grapevine to sound out employee reactions to

new ideas, such as a change in human resource policies or benefit packages. The

manager can also get valuable information from the grapevine and use it to improve

decision making.

24

Forms of social media such as Twitter and Facebook often mimic the traditional



grapevine. Messages can be formatted quickly and transmitted rapidly to thousands of

other people. Of course, there may also be accuracy issues if the original messages are

Gossip Chain

(One person tells many)

Cluster Chain

(Many people tell a few)

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