Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed

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F I G U R E 1 . 3

Steps in Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor developed this system of scientific management, which he believed would lead to a more

efficient and productive workforce. Bethlehem Steel was among the first organizations to profit from

scientific management and still practices some parts of it today.

administrative

management

Focuses on

managing the total

organization

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Chapter 1: Understanding the Manager’s Job

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other administrative management theorists. He also advanced modern thinking about

the functions of planning, organizing, and controlling. Like Fayol, he developed a list of

guidelines for improving managerial effectiveness. Urwick is noted not so much for his

own contributions as for his synthesis and integration of the work of others.

Although Max Weber lived and worked at the same time as Fayol and Taylor, his

contributions were not recognized until some years had passed. Weber was a German

sociologist, and his most important work was not translated into English until 1947.

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Weber’s work on bureaucracy laid the foundation for contemporary organization theory,

which is discussed in detail in Chapter 6. The concept of bureaucracy, as we discuss later

in this book, is based on a rational set of guidelines for structuring organizations in the

most efficient manner.