Managing in Different Areas of the Organization
Regardless of their level, man-
agers may work in various areas within an organization. In any given firm, for example,
these areas may include marketing, financial, operations, human resources, administra-
tive, and others.
Mark
eting
Administr
ation
O
ther
Human r
esour
ces
Operations
Financ
e
Middle managers
Areas of Management
Levels of Management
First-line managers
Top managers
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F I G U R E 1 . 1
Kinds of Managers by Level and Area
Organizations generally have three levels of management, represented by top
managers, middle managers, and first-line managers. Regardless of level, managers
are also usually associated with a specific area within the organization, such as
marketing, finance, operations, human resources, administration, or some other area.
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