Foreign languages

THE MINISTRY OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN


JIZZAKH POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
CHAIR OF “FOREIGN LANGUAGES”

METHODICAL MANUAL FOR THE SELF-STUDY WORK
1–st course



JIZZAX – 2022

Uslubiy ko’rsatma JizPI, «Xorijiy tillar» kafedrasining ilmiy-uslubiy kengashida muhokama qilingan.

Bayonnoma № ____________
Kafedra mudiri: __________ B. T. Bazarov
Tuzuvchilar:
v. b. dotsent E.M Soliyev __________
katta o`qituvchi M.T Soliyeva __________

Mustaqil ta’lim mashg’ulotlari mavzulari, soati, bahosi va topshiriqlari

t/r	Amaliy mashg’ulot mavzulari	Dars soatlari hajmi
I semester
1.	Four types of syllables and reading rules of English vowels. Consonants in English language and reading rules		10
2.	Indefinite and definite articles; Using the articles		8
3.	Nouns. Singular and plural forms.		8
4.	Pronouns. Personal pronouns. Possessive pronouns.		10
5.	Auxiliary verbs “to be”, “to do”, “to have” in the Present, Past, Future. Indefinite tenses		10
6.	Text : My Family		2
7	Adjectives, types of adjectives		4
8	Adverbs, main types of adverbs		6
9	My favourite free time activity		4
10	My close member of my family		4
11	My neighbor		8
12	Travelling		6
13	My best friend		4
14	Serious problems in my city (town, village)		8
15	My favourite actor / actress		10
	Jami:		102
	Amaliy mashg’ulot mavzulari		Dars soatlari hajmi
II semester
16	Our national holiday		10
16	My favourite meal		8
18	Shopping		8
19	Ecologic problems in our country		10
20	My childhood		10
21	Culture		2
22	Education system of our country		4
23	Famous people of Uzbekistan		6
24	My favourite sport		4
25	My favourite music		4
26	Tourism in Uzbekistan		8
27	Wish sentences		6
28	Would odatni ifodalash		4
29	Past Perfect Tense		8
30	Special terms, to make list of glossary, learn by heart		10
	Jami:		102
	Amaliy mashg’ulot mavzulari
III semester
	Indefinite pronouns: Some, Any, No			4
	The main forms of the verbs. The Present Indefinite tense.			8
	The Past Indefinite tense. .			8
	The Future Indefinite Tense			2
	Regular and irregular verbs			10
	Text “Uzbekistan”. Writing essay: Uzbekistan			2
	Text “National symbols of the Republic of Uzbekistan”			4
	My friend			6
	My working day			4
	Kelasi noaniq zamon (simple future tense)			4
	Local governments of the usa			2
	My flat			6
	My capital			4
	Local government of great Britain			4
	The British parliament			2
	Travelling			2
	Political parties and movements of the republic of Uzbekistan			2
	Shoe repair shop			2
	Washington			2
	Questions with to be. Doing exercises			2
	Questions with auxiliary verbs How/what questions. Doing exercises			2
	Text. My family. To prepare presentation			2
	Adjectives and Adverbs . Degrees of comparison. To make report			2
	Text “ Holidays in Uzbekistan’ Holidays in Great Britain ” .To prepare presentation			2
	Modal verbs: can, may, must. To make report			2
	Past simple tense, used to. To make report			2
	My home town. To prepare presentation			2
	The Perfect tenses in English. To do exercises, tests and quizzes			4
	Prepositions of time and places. To do exercises, tests			2
	Special terms, to make list of glossary, learn by heart			2
	Jami:			102

LESSON 1. Four types of syllables and reading rules of English vowels.Consonants in English language and reading rules. Monophthongs and diphthongs.

The ABC

Aa	[ei]	Nn	[en]
Bb	[bi:]	Oo	[ou]
Cc	[si:]	Pp	[Pi]
Jd	[di:]	Qq	[kju:]
Ee	[I:]	Rr	[a:]
Ff	[ef]	Ss	[es]
Gg	[dzi:]	Tt	[ti:]
Hh	[eitj]	Uu	[ju:]
li	[ai]	Vv	[vi:]
Jj	[dzei]	Ww	[d۸blju:]
Kk	[kei]	Xx	[iks]
LI	[el]	Yy	[wai]
Mm	[em]	Zz	[zed]

Tovushlar har xil nutq organlarining nafas chiqarish paytida yuzaga keladi. Nafas oqimi avval halqumga, u yerdan og’iz bo`shlig`i yoki burun bo`shligi orqali o’tadi. Agar nutq tovushini hosil qilishda tovush paychalari titrasa jarangli undosh tovush hosil bo’ladi. Tovush paychalari titramasa jarangsiz tovush hosil bo’ladi. Nutq tovushini hosil qilishda havo oqimi og’iz bo`shlig’idan o`tsa, og’iz tovushi hosil bo’ladi. Tovushlar unli va undoshlarga bo’linadi.

Havo oqimi og’iz bo`shlig’ida biror to`siqqa uchrasa undosh tovush hosil bo’ladi. Agar havo oqimi.

Ingliz tilida 20 ta unli tovush bor:

[ei] [ǽ] [a:] [εә] [ou] [ر] [ر:] [ju:] [۸] [ә:] [jue] [i:] [e] [ie] [i] [aie] [ai] [ر:] [رә]

Ular qisqa va cho`ziqdir (ikki nuqta tovushning cho`ziq talaffuz qilinishini bildiradi) .

Monoftonglar - bir unli tovushlardir, diftonglar esa ikki elementli bo’lib, talaffuzda til o`z xolatini o`zgartiradi, tovush turi ham o`zgaradi.

Monoftonglar

Qisqa unli tovushlar	Cho`ziq unli tovushlar
[e] [ә] [۸] [ر]	[i:] [u:] [ә:] [a:]
Diftonglar [ei] [au] [ou] [εә]

Bo`g`in - urg`uli birlik bo’lib, bir yoki bir qancha tovushlardan tuzilgan bo’lishi mumkin. Bir paytda u butun so’z ham bo`ladi.
Ingliz tilida unli tovushlar bog’in yashovchilardir, uchta unli tovush [m] [n] dan oldin jarangli undosh tovush kelsa, ular bo’g’in yasaydi:
[baetl] [litl]
Mavzuni mustahkamlash uchun mashqlar. Monoftong va diftonglarni farqlang.
[ei] [ǽ] [a:] [εә] [ou] [ر] [ر:] [ju:] [۸] [ә:] [jue] [i:] [e] [ie] [i] [aie] [ai] [ر:] [رә]
Ingliz tilida unli harflar qanday bo`g`inda turishi so`zning talaffuz etilishida muxim ahamiyatga ega. Ingliz tilidagi unlilar to`rt xil bo`gin turlarida kelishiga qarab, turlicha o`qiladi.Quyida o`qish qoidalari ifodalangan jadval berilgan.

Harf	1-tur bo'g'in	11-tur bo'g'in	lll-tur bo’g’in	IV-tur bo`gin
Aa [ei]	[ei] [neim] name [seim]same [leit] late	[ ǽ] cat [kǽt] bad [bǽd] map [mǽp]	[a:] far [fa:] dark [da:k] star [sta:]	[єə] care[kєə] fare [fєə]
Ee [i:]	[1:] me [mi:] free [fri:] see [si:]	[e] ten [ten] left [left] best [best]	[ə:] term [tə:m] her [hə:]	[iə] here [hiə] sphere [sfiə]
li [ai]	[ai] like [laik] nine [nain] nice [nais]	[i] his [hiz] six [siks] fix [fiks]	[ə:] first [fə:st] girl [gə:l]	[ai3] fire [fai3] tire [tai3]
Oo [ou]	[ou] bone[boun] stone[stoun] Note[nout] wrote[rout]	[ر] hot [hر t] fox[fرks] not [nرt] lost [lرst]	[ر:] fork [f ر:k] short [∫ر:t] force [f ر:s]	[ر:] more [m ر:] store [st ر:]
Uu [u:]	[ju:] music [mjuizk] student [stju:dnt]	[۸] sun[s۸n] funny[f۸ni] just[dz۸st] must[m۸st]	[ә:] nurse [nә:s] turn [tә:n] burn [bә:n] murder[mә:dә]	[juә] sure [∫uә] during [djuәrη]
Yy [ai]	[ai] my [mai] cry [krai] fly [flai]	[1] mystery[misteri] myth[mi∂]	[ә:] Byrd [bә:d]	[aiә] tyre [taiә]

Undosh harf va harf birikmalarining o’qilishi

Harf va harf birikmalari			0’qilishi		Misollar
g	A, o, u va undosh	[g]		gas, got, guide, grey, glass, goat, green, gold
	I,e,y	[dz]		general, geography, gym, gipsy , gymnastic
c	a, ou va undoshlardan oldin	[k]		cat, connect, clean, come, candle, capital
	E,y,i unlilaridan oldin	[s]		center, recite, cinema, cycle
s	scTz boshida va undoshdan keyin	[s]		spend, lists, speak, lips
	Unlilar orasida, jarangsiz undoshdan keyin	[z]		beds, pens, visit, please
X	unlidan oldin va so`z oxirida	[ks]		tex , six, next, mix
	urg*uli unlidan oldin	[gz]		exam, exact, exist

Ck	[k]	black, ticket, kricket
Ch	[k]	chamist, school, epoch, technology
	[t]	chalk, chair, chess, check
Sh	[]	sheep, shelter, shine, short
Ph	[f]	telephone, phrase, element, photo
Qu	[kw]	quite, quiet, quickly
Th	[3]	this, that, than, those
	[6]	think, three, through, thrid
Ng	[0]	long, bring, sing, ring
wh	1."o"dan boshqa barcha unlilar oldidan [w]	what, when, which, where, when
	2."o"dan oldin [w]	who, whose, whole
wr	So’z boshida unlidan oldin [r]	write, wrong,

Unli harf birikmalarining o`qilishi

ai ay	[ei]	Spain, rain, main day, lay, say
ea ee	[1:]	sea, tea, teacher meet, sheep, keep
Ew	Du:]	new, few
oi oy	M	pointjoint, boy,toy
oo]k	[u]	took, book, look
00	[u:]	too, Zoo, moon, spoon
oo]r	[3:]	Door
ou ow	[auj	out, found, brown
ai]r	[€5]	chair, hair
ee]r	[i5]	Engineer
ou]r	[au5]	our, neighbour

O`qilmaydigan undosh harflar

Harflar	Talaffuz	Misoliar
k]n	[-n]	knife, know, knock-out
ww]r	[-r]	write, wrong, wrote
Wjh	[-h]	who, whose, whom, whole
H	-	honest, honour, hour
-w-	-	answer, two, knowledge
-t-	-	listen, often
-al-	[a:]	calm, half, palm
-alk	[D:k]	chalk, walk
-igh	[ai]	might, light, fight
-eigh	[ei]	eight, weight
-gh	-	soz oxirida high, trough
n m] b	[m]	column climb, bomb