To be ill
to be well
to be hungry
to be wet through
to be thisty
to be intertsted in
to be glad
lo be happy
to be married
to be single
to be busy
to be free
to be angry
to be fond of
to be late for
to be in
to be out
to be sorry
TO HAVE FE’LI To have fe’lining Simple Presentda ikkita shakli bor:
3-shaxs birlikda has— he (she, it) has va qolganlar uchun have — I (we, you, they) have.
2.To have fe’li faqat to have dinner, to have a talk kabi birikmalarda kelganda davom zamonlarda ishlatiladi:
He was having dinner when I came. -Men kelganimda u ovqatlana yotgan edi.
He is having a talkwith his father in the garden. - U bog‘da otasi bilan suhbatlashayapti.
3. To have fe’li yordamchi fe’l bo‘lib keladi va o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Partisiple) bilan birga kelib Perfect zamonlarni yasaydi.
4.To have fe’li bor bo‘lmoq, ega bo‘lmoq ma‘nosida asosiy fe’l bo‘lib keladi:
I have a good watch. Mening yaxshi soatim bor.
He had a large library. Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edi.
We shall soon have a new radio set. -Bizda yaqinda yangi radiopriyomnik bo‘ladi.
5. So‘roq shaklni yasashda Simple Presentva Simple Pastdato have fe’lining tegishli shakli eganing oldiga o‘tadi:
Have you a good watch? Yaxshi soatingiz bormi?
Had he a large library? Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edimi?
Ammo Simple Pastning so‘roq shakli ko‘pincha to doyordamchi fe’li yordamida ham yasaladi:
Did he have a large library? - Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edimi?
6. To have fe’lining bo‘lishsiz shakli uning sahkllaridan keyin not yukla masini qo‘yib qisqartirish orqali yasaladi. Simple Present va Simple Pastda qisqartmalar haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t bo‘ladi. Ulardan keyin dona lab sanaladigan birlikdagi ot noaniq artikl bilan, ko‘plikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot va donalab sanalmaydigan otanyolmoshi bilan ishlatiladi:
I haven’t a watch. Mening soatim yo‘q.
He hasn’t anybooks on this subject. -Unda bu sohada kitoblar yo‘q.
I hadn’t anytime to go there. -Mening u yerga borishga vaqtim yo‘q.
Barcha murakkab shakllarda bo‘lishsizlik not birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi:
I shall not (shan’t) haveany time to go there tomorrow.
I have not (haven’t) hadany time to go there today.
Bo‘lishsiz gaplar noolmoshi yordamida ham yasalishi mumkin. Bunda nootdan oldin qo‘yiladi va otning oldida artikl ham, any olmoshi ham qo‘yilmaydi:
I have no watch.
He has no books on this subject.
I had no time to go there.
I’ll have notime to go there tomorrow.
I’ve had notime to go there today.
Bo‘lishsizlikning have (has, had) no shakli ko‘proq ishlatiladi.
Fe’lning bo‘lishsiz shakli esa gapning bo‘lishsizlik ma’nosini oshirishda ishlatiladi.
Qisqa javob faqat not yuklamasi bilan yasaladi:
Have you a dictionary? – No, I haven’t (have not).
7. Og‘zaki nutqda to have fe’li o‘rnida hozirgi zamonda have (has) got ishlatiladi: I have = I have got= I’ve got, he (she)has = he (she) has got = he’s got, she’s got:
I’ve gota large library = I have a large library.
Menda katta kutubxona bor.
Has he got a good dictionary? = Has he a good dictionary?
Uning yaxshi lug‘ati bormi?
I haven’t got an English dictionary. = I have no English dictionary.-Menda inglizcha lug‘at yo‘q.
Agar to‘ldiruvchi kishilik olmoshidan yasalgan bo‘lsa, bo‘lishsiz gaplarda haven’t, hasn’t emas faqat haven’t got va hasn’tgot ishlatiladi.
I haven’t got it. Undan menda yo‘q.
He hasn’t got them. Ulardan unda yo‘q.
8.To have fe’li qator otlar bilan birikib keladi va o‘zining dastlabki bor (ega) bo‘lmoq ma’nosini yo‘qotadi:
to have dinner – ovqatlanmoq
to have a rest – dam olmoq
to have breakfast – nonushta qilmoq
to have a walk –sayr qilmoq
to have supper – kechki ovqatni yemoq
to have a smoke –chekmoq
to have a talk – gaplashmoq, muzokara olib bormoq
to have a quarrel –janjallashmoq
to have a good time – vaqtni yaxshi o‘tkazmoq
9. Yuqoridagi iboralarning so‘roq va bo‘lishsiz shakllari Simple Present va Simple Pastda to do yordamchi fe’li yordamida yasaladi:
When do you have dinner? Qachon tushlik qilasiz?
Did you havea good rest last summer?
O‘tgan yozda yaxshi dam oldingizmi?
We didn’t have supper at home yesterday.
Biz kecha kechki ovqatni uyda yemadik.
10.To have fe’li to yuklamali infinitive bilan kelib, biror tashqi kuch ta’siridagi zaruratni ifodalaydi va majbur bo‘lmoq, to‘g‘ri kelmoqdeb tarjima qilinadi
