Foreign languages

Mustga teskari bo‘lgan ma’noda needn’t kerak emas ishlatiladi:
He needn’t go there. Unga u yerga borish kerak emas.
You needn’t do it. Siz buni qilishingiz shart emas.
Shunday qilib Must I go there? So‘roq gapiga quyidagicha javob berish mumkin:
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.

2 Must gapiruvchi to‘g‘ri deb o‘ylagan taxminni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Hozirgi zamondagi taxminni ifodalash uchun must + V, o‘tgan zamondagi taxminni ifodalash uchun must + have + P.P. ishlatiladi:

He must know her address. U uning manzilini bilishi kerak.
He must be in the library now. U hozir kutubxonada bo‘lishi kerak.
Where is he? – He must be walkingin the garden.
U qayerda? — U bog‘da sayr qilayotgan bo‘lishi kerak.
They must have forgotten to send us a copy of the telegram with their letter.
Ular xat bilan telegrammaning ko‘chirmasini yuborishni unutgan bo‘lishsa kerak.
The cases must have been damaged during the unloading of the vessel.
Qutilar kemaning yuki tushirilayotganda shikastlangan bo‘lishi kerak.

Exercise 1. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

1. 
   They must drive slowly. (you)
   

You must drive slowly.

2. 
   You needn’t wear a tie. (must)
   
3. 
   You must have a permit to buy a dog. (needn’t)
   
4. 
   You must go now. (he; not)
   
5. 
   I mustn’t call the police. (you; must)
   
6. 
   The teacher must prepare the lesson. (students; needn’t)
   

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t and a verb.
A library
have speak bring
1 You ________________ loudly.
2 You ________________ a library card to take out books.
3 You ________________ the books back to the library.
A bus
buy pay smoke
1 You _________________ for a ticket.
2 You _________________ the tickets from the driver.
3 You _________________ in the bus.


Exercise 3. Work in pairs. You are going to make some classroom laws. Look at the phrases in the box. Are they for the teacher, the students or the teacher and the students?