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8 Conclusion
The field of early action is rapidly advancing and its
proponents are identifying similar sets of challenges and
modifying the mechanisms to deal with many of these.
Although limitations persist in the forecasting skill and
capacities needed to generate and interpret data, establish
triggers and target vulnerable populations, the evidence
seems clear that early action can reduce disaster losses
and has the potential to reduce the humanitarian burden.
More can be done in this regard with existing forecast
information and impact data. With the increasing risks
of more severe and frequent weather events driven by
climate change, FbA offers an important new tool to
better manage these risks.
As well as reducing loss and damage associated with
known hazards and predictable disasters, FbA has the
potential to improve long-term financial planning in the
humanitarian sector and clarify responsibilities for early
action. It will only do so, however, if the use of forecasts
can be integrated into humanitarian and DRR systems, and
decision-making protocols are established in advance to
identify concrete actions, roles and responsibilities. To have
a significant impact, FbA will need to be adopted at scale,
building on existing delivery channels and strengthening
these, and draw on a range of financing mechanisms.
For these mechanisms to expand and become a core
component of humanitarian action and disaster risk
management, some fundamental principles are needed.
FbA is gaining traction in countries where governments
have some forecasting capacity and their own delivery
mechanisms for supporting vulnerable households, so
engaging with government agencies in the design and
modification of these mechanisms will be critical. Care
must be taken, however, to ensure that FbA mechanisms
are free from political manipulation by donors or
national governments and retain their function as a
robust, science-based and effective ex ante mechanism
for resource allocation.
FbA requires a clear articulation of roles and
responsibilities, based on comparative advantage,
capacity and access to resources. Careful monitoring of
how funds are spent and regular evaluations can improve
the effectiveness of FbA and enhance accountability.
FbA should be seen as a more robust decision-making
approach to the allocation of humanitarian or
contingency funding resources, and although new funds
have been created in some cases to facilitate early action,
in the future FbA will have to avoid creating parallel
funding systems and planning structures. Existing donor
and government funds and other financing mechanisms
will need to be expanded to support FbA, linking
where possible to existing early warning systems and
contingency planning processes.
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