5.1 FbA linked to community
development programmes
Forecast-based systems have been integrated into
community-based disaster risk reduction and development
programmes, as well as linked with country-wide
contingency planning and response by humanitarian
agencies. For example, forecast-based financing has been
used by the Togolese Red Cross to preposition and then
distribute relief supplies as the risk of flooding increases.
World Vision builds on its longer-term community-
development programmes, which facilitate bottom-up
generation of early warning information and early action.
Similarly, Christian Aid partners, for example through the
BRACED project, tend to use a participatory vulnerability
and capacity assessment approach. In combination with
improved access to climate information services, this aims
to increase coping capacity through community resilience
planning and motivate early action when a shock is forecast.
FbA initiatives have occurred primarily through the
integration of finance and planning processes. Many
organisations have their own financial mechanisms and
dedicated funds to spend on early action, and deliver
directly to high-risk communities in specific countries
(as described in Section 4). These financial mechanisms
are linked to planning tools known variously as Early
Action Protocols (EAPs), Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs), early action plans and contingency plans. In the
case of the Red Cross societies, EAPs define ‘who takes
what action when, where, and with what funds’ (Cruz
Roja Peruana, German Red Cross and Red Cross Red
Crescent Climate Centre, 2016). These EAPs, which
are separate from government emergency plans, build
on existing Red Cross operational and programmatic
capacities. Despite using separate delivery channels, FbA
initiatives are often implemented in close collaboration
with national governments. Cash transfers using country-
wide public or private delivery systems are also growing
in popularity, although there is a recognition that cash
is not always appropriate. For instance, if markets
are unable to meet rising demand for goods before an
event, in-kind distributions may be more suitable. The
Bangladesh Red Crescent has distributed cash transfers
based on a flood forecast; triggered by Dzud forecasting,
the Mongolia Red Cross has organised cash deliveries
to beneficiaries through local bank branches, and the
START Network has disbursed cash based on food
insecurity forecasts in Somalia.
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