FONETIKADAN QISQACHA MA’LUMOT
O’qish va talaffuz etish qoidalari
1.Unli harflarning o’qilishi
Harflar
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Yopiq bo’g’inda
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Ochiq bo’g’inda
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Yopiq bo’g’inda unlidan keyin r harfi kelganda
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Ochiq bo’g’inda unlidan keyin r harfi kelganda
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a
o
u
e
i
y
y
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[æ] fat
[o ] not
[Λ ] cup
[e] met
[i] fit
[i] gyps
so’z boshida
[j]
[jes] yes
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[ei] fate
[ou] note
[ju:] cube
[i:] these
[ai] fine
[ai] type
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[a:] far
[a:] farm
[ ] or
[ ] noth
[ə: ] fur
turn
[ə:] per
verb
[ə: ] fir
[ə:] first
[ə:] byrd
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[eə] fare
[ ] more
[juə] cure
[iə]here
[aiə ] fire
[aiə] tyre
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2.Digraflar
(Unli harflar birikmasi)
Digraflar
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Tovush
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Misollar
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ee
ea
oo
ai, ay
ey
oa
au
oi, oy
ou
ie
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[i:]
[i:]
[u:]
[ei]
[ei]
[ou]
[ ]
[ ]
[au]
[i:]
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tree,treet,week, green;
tea,sea,read,meat,east;
bread[bred], head[hed],great[greit]
break[breik] qoidadan mustasno
moon,soon,spoon,noon;
k harfi oldida book [buk] took[tuk]
good [gud] foot[fut] qoidadan mustasno
so’z o’rtasida: rain, main;
so’z oxirida: may, day, pay;
biroq aid an keyin r harfi kelsa:
chair, air;
they, grey;
boat, coat, road, goal;
autumn, cause, August, author;
aunt [a:nt] qoidadan mustasno
so’z o’rtasida va boshida: oil, toil, coil
so’z oxirida: boy, toy;
out, shout, ground, house;
group[gru:p] soup[su:p] qoidadan mustasno.Biroq ou dan keyin r harfi kelsa: four,course,our,hour qoidadan mustasno
field,chief,piece;
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3.Unlilarning w harfi bilan birikib kelishi
Birikmalar
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Tovush
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Misollar
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aw
ew
ow
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[ ]
[ju:]
[au], [ou]
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law, saw, draw;
new, few, ammo blew,threw
so’z o’rtasida: [au] town, brown;
so’z oxirida: [ou] show, snow, window;
now[nau] how[hau] qoidadan mustasno
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4. Ikki xil talaffuz etiladigan undoshlar:
Harflar
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Talaffuz etilishi
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Quyidagi hollarda
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Misllar
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c
g
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[s]
[k]
[dз]
[g]
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е, i, у унлилари олдида;
Бошқа ҳарфлар олдида ва сўз охирида
е, i, у, унлилари олдида
Бошқа ҳарфлар олдида ва сўз охи-рида. Баъзи ҳолат-ларда е, i унлилари олдида ҳам
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face, city, pencil,
cent, cycle;
cap, cat, cup, come,
electric;
page, general, gyps,
large;
good, dig, garden,
gun, green;
give, girl, get;
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5.Undosh harflar birikmasi:
Harf birikmalari
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Tovush
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Misollar
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ck
ng
ch
sh
th
ph
wh
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[k]
[ŋ]
[t∫]
[∫]
[ð,θ]
[f]
[w]
[h]
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black, clock, cock, block,
bring, ring, sing, song
chalk, chess, check, children
Tashkent, show; she, shall
they, that, this, mother thank, think, thin, three
telephone, telegraph, photo
what, when,where.
Who, whom,whose.
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