Fonetikadan qisqacha ma’lumot

FONETIKADAN QISQACHA MA’LUMOT
O’qish va talaffuz etish qoidalari
1.Unli harflarning o’qilishi

Harflar	Yopiq bo’g’inda	Ochiq bo’g’inda	Yopiq bo’g’inda unlidan keyin r harfi kelganda	Ochiq bo’g’inda unlidan keyin r harfi kelganda
a o u e i y y	[æ] fat [o ] not [Λ ] cup [e] met [i] fit [i] gyps so’z boshida [j] [jes] yes	[ei] fate [ou] note [ju:] cube [i:] these [ai] fine [ai] type	[a:] far [a:] farm [ ] or [ ] noth [ə: ] fur turn [ə:] per verb [ə: ] fir [ə:] first [ə:] byrd	[eə] fare [ ] more [juə] cure [iə]here [aiə ] fire [aiə] tyre

2.Digraflar
(Unli harflar birikmasi)

Digraflar	Tovush	Misollar
ee ea oo ai, ay ey oa au oi, oy ou ie	[i:] [i:] [u:] [ei] [ei] [ou] [ ] [ ] [au] [i:]	tree,treet,week, green; tea,sea,read,meat,east; bread[bred], head[hed],great[greit] break[breik] qoidadan mustasno moon,soon,spoon,noon; k harfi oldida book [buk] took[tuk] good [gud] foot[fut] qoidadan mustasno so’z o’rtasida: rain, main; so’z oxirida: may, day, pay; biroq aid an keyin r harfi kelsa: chair, air; they, grey; boat, coat, road, goal; autumn, cause, August, author; aunt [a:nt] qoidadan mustasno so’z o’rtasida va boshida: oil, toil, coil so’z oxirida: boy, toy; out, shout, ground, house; group[gru:p] soup[su:p] qoidadan mustasno.Biroq ou dan keyin r harfi kelsa: four,course,our,hour qoidadan mustasno field,chief,piece;

3.Unlilarning w harfi bilan birikib kelishi

Birikmalar	Tovush	Misollar
aw ew ow	[ ] [ju:] [au], [ou]	law, saw, draw; new, few, ammo blew,threw so’z o’rtasida: [au] town, brown; so’z oxirida: [ou] show, snow, window; now[nau] how[hau] qoidadan mustasno

4. Ikki xil talaffuz etiladigan undoshlar:

Harflar	Talaffuz etilishi	Quyidagi hollarda	Misllar
c g	[s] [k] [dз] [g]	е, i, у унлилари олдида; Бошқа ҳарфлар олдида ва сўз охирида е, i, у, унлилари олдида Бошқа ҳарфлар олдида ва сўз охи-рида. Баъзи ҳолат-ларда е, i унлилари олдида ҳам	face, city, pencil, cent, cycle; cap, cat, cup, come, electric; page, general, gyps, large; good, dig, garden, gun, green; give, girl, get;

5.Undosh harflar birikmasi:

Harf birikmalari	Tovush	Misollar
ck ng ch sh th ph wh	[k] [ŋ] [t∫] [∫] [ð,θ] [f] [w] [h]	black, clock, cock, block, bring, ring, sing, song chalk, chess, check, children Tashkent, show; she, shall they, that, this, mother thank, think, thin, three telephone, telegraph, photo what, when,where. Who, whom,whose.