parties rejected the Constitution, ultimately leading to its abrogation and
the imposition of the country’s first martial law on 7 October 1958.
General Ayub Khan, the military dictator who assumed power, enacted
the 1962 Constitution through an executive order. The current Pakistani
Constitution—a third version enacted by the constituent assembly in
1973—has been suspended twice: first by General Zia-ul-Haq between
1977 and 1985, and later by General Musharraf between 1999 and 2002.
As Natasha put it, ‘From day one, our political struggle was a
struggle to establish a democracy. Unlike Indians, we did not have a
democracy. We are a nation who has just been fighting for democracy!
We have had this struggle since forever.’ When Zia assumed power, he
passed new legislation that discriminated against women. The 1984 ‘law
of evidence’ stated that a woman’s legal testimony was only half as
valuable as a man’s. In response, the women in Pakistan took to the
streets and burnt their dupattas. They marched towards the Lahore High
Court to challenge the new laws of evidence. During those tumultuous
times, these women were lathi-charged, assaulted and arrested. In the
absence of a Constitution and a civil society, and in the face of
systematic purges of dissenting voices, ‘there was nothing but our bodies
to throw against the state’.
‘Indians didn’t have that struggle. You had it very easy. You had a
Constitution. You had a civil society. You had institutions, systems and a
Constitution that was upheld as supreme. We never had that. We didn’t
have the judiciary that we would rely on, we didn’t have the institutions
we could rely on and we didn’t have any safety. You have students’
unions, there are no students’ unions in Pakistan. That is the first thing
what Zia did. He dismantled everything. All we had was ourselves, and
we put our bodies on the line, threw ourselves in the fire, you know? . . .
We always knew that the cost of speaking up is your life and your
family.’
To this day, students and activists who are critical of the
establishment in Pakistan are rounded up, and no one knows if or when
they will come back. Years later, some families are still waiting outside
the courts. The number of people who have disappeared in Pakistan is
incalculable.
And it isn’t just Pakistan. Najeeb Ahmed, a student at Jawaharlal
Nehru University in New Delhi, India, went missing under suspicious
circumstances on 15 October 2016 after a scuffle with alleged members
of Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), a right-wing Indian
student organisation affiliated with the Hindu nationalist paramilitary
group Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Fours years since his
disappearance, Najeeb’s mother, Fatima Nafis, continues to wait.
The Indian professor G.N. Saibaba, a paraplegic, is languishing in
prison for merely owning books about Mao. The scholar and rationalist
M.M. Kalburgi was shot dead by two assailants on bikes outside his
house in Dharwad on 30 August 2015, while the journalist Gauri
Lankesh was killed on 5 September 2017. They were both killed for
resisting the RSS, the BJP and the Sangh Parivar, a collection of right-
wing Hindu nationalist organisations created and supported under the
umbrella of the RSS.
When Natasha meets Indians in the United States who praise Modi,
she wants to tell them that once the genie is out of the bottle it can’t be
contained. Pakistani people know this intimately; they know what it
means to have a country without a solid Constitution, built on hate and
contempt for communities that make up its own people.
‘A point comes where the fire reaches your home. And I just don’t
know how to get this message across to Indians. I just don’t know how
to tell them that what you have—your Constitution and institutions—are
important. You are drowning them in the drain. You don’t know it cannot
be reversed. Once it goes down the drain, it is just endless trauma and
endless fighting and there is no vision.’
The India that Natasha once thought of as a fantasyland is gone. On
the eve of the 2019 elections, The Telegraph newspaper’s editorial board
wrote that institutional demise and erosion ‘is an early symptom of the
implosion of democracy—and elections’.
11
A slew of recent verdicts and
silence over the incarceration of rights defenders, scholars and activists
have led many to believe that there is a ‘crisis of legitimacy plaguing the
Supreme Court of India’.
12
The BJP, the world’s richest political party,
armed with a private militia,
13
now controls a largely pliable news
media.
14
Kashmir remains violently silenced.
15
The ‘world’s largest
democracy’ is now a Hindu Rashtra:
16
the recent CAA, the NRC and the
National Population Register (NPR) have already enabled this
transformation.
There are moments of hope as an organic student-led protest movement
blooms throughout India, and ‘Azaadi, azaadi’ reverberates at every
protest I have been to. I want to hold on to the hope that new beginnings
are possible.
When I leave Natasha’s home that night, I leave with an immense
sense of loss and of love. Love that Natasha has shown me, by telling me
her story, sitting with me to make sense of ourselves, our lives, and how
to reconcile our present with the murkiness of the past. I also leave with
an overwhelming sense of loss of our shared histories, of how we could
not have this conversation in Lahore or Madras, sitting in our homes.
My visa to Pakistan was never granted, and this book will always
be incomplete without that journey. Natasha’s family has never returned
to Amritsar, or seen Kashmir. How many places in the world can a
Kashmiri who became Punjabi, and a Tamilian who doesn’t know where
she belongs, have a conversation about the borders that alienate us? Not
many.
But we have the duty to break these borders, to reclaim what was
denied to us, so as to not pass this loss on to our children.
I get home after 11 p.m. that night. I go over and kiss my three-
year-old daughter, Meera.
I think about Natasha’s little one, Kabir, sleeping across town.
If not for us, we owe it to our children, to purge this hate that has
separated families and histories over seventy years. We owe it to Meera
and Kabir.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ram: I am convinced that no writer, living or dead, has had a spouse like
you. You travelled to four continents and various cities for me. When
distance became inevitable, you made sure that I always had a home to
return to, no matter how long I was gone. You read my many drafts, lied
lovingly and told me that it was brilliant, even as I stumbled with the
early chapters. You made space for a book that took eight years of my
life. You let me be. You let me grow.
Amma: This world is a cruel place without a mother. I am blessed to
have you in my corner, always fighting for me and loving me. You
taught me to be persistent, uncompromising and disciplined. Everything
good in me is yours.
Appa: When I was fourteen, you pointed out a line in an essay, ‘It is the
givers and not the takers, who inherit this world,’ which I copied into a
book I reserved for quotes. ‘To inherit this world’, what grand ambition
to be sown in a child whose sense of the world was still the four corners
of her home? You read the final manuscript and texted me late at night,
‘I am proud of you.’ No accolade, no achievement will ever come close
to those five words.
Sruthi: How do I quantify, describe or even make sense of everything
you do for us. For being kind, selfless and generous. For taking care of
Amma and Appa, and always going above and beyond for everyone.
Being the centre of our little universe and keeping us all together.
Lucy: This book is here because of you. You made all this possible.
Thanks for taking on an unknown writer who brought you a messy idea
with wild roots and unruly branches. You nurtured my ideas, challenged
me and made me an infinitely better writer. Lucy: il miglior fabbro.
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