Financial Inclusion, Regulation, and Literacy in Uzbekistan

3.2 Financial Inclusion of Micro, Small, Medium-Sized,
and Large Enterprises
Table 13 shows the overall increase in the percentage of firms with a bank account: 
97.3% of firms declared that they had a bank account in 2013 versus 93.8 in 2008. 
Bank account ownership is almost universal, independent of the industry, enterprise 
size, business location, and gender of the business manager. 
In 2013, 26.4% of firms declared that they had a bank loan or line of credit versus only 
10.5% in 2008; thus, financial inclusion has doubled, but it is still low compared with 
countries with a similar GDP level (see Table 13). As Table 13 shows, the gaps in 
having loans/lines of credit are significant depending on the establishment size, 
business location, and exporter status. The proportion of firms is smaller for small 
firms, firms located in the capital city, and non-exporters. Strikingly, the proportion of 
firms with a line of credit/loan is independent of the gender of the top manager. Despite 
these changes, the proportion of businesses that declared that they needed no loan 
has also doubled. The collateral requirements remain high, as the high percentage of 
loans that require collateral and the value of collateral evidence. Women-managed 
businesses have to give a higher value of collateral than men-managed businesses.

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ADBI Working Paper 858 
M. Ahunov 
12 
Table 13:
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