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Difficulties experienced from digitalisation
The most prominent difficulty for tourism SMEs is the need for
training following the
introduction of a new digital technologies. SMEs often lack both human resources and
the skills needed to digitalise, as well as resources (e.g. time, initial capital investment
and ongoing, on-going technical support) required for training. The
costs
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of
implementing new technology are cited as the second most important concern for
tourism SMEs. This is unsurprising, as tourism SMEs tend to possess limited financial
resources compared to large corporations. A large proportion of the sample size
comprised small and micro-enterprises which are limited in terms of human and financial
resources.
The top 5 difficulties together reflect concern over the lack of sufficient knowledge about
digitalisation to make informed choices on new digital technologies.
Interview data tended to corroborate these concerns and offered further insights:
•
Keeping pace with the rapid change in available digital technologies is a challenge,
especially for small and micro-level businesses. SMEs feel under pressure.
•
Skilled employees are needed in SMEs but also in DMOs and other agencies that
provide assistance.
•
Younger employers and employees can often adapt more readily to the challenging
nature of digitalisation.
•
SMEs do not often understand about the use and value of the data from
digitalisation and how that can help their businesses and their business
ecosystems.
•
One of the biggest challenges of digitalisation is time. Being online, being able to
respond to a customer request in a fast way is a full-time job. Time management
and availability are important difficulties.
Differences between SMEs with low and medium digitalisation
Firms with lower levels of digitalisation were more likely to identify “insufficient knowledge” as a key difficulty in
implementing digital technologies. SMEs’ lack of understanding about digital technologies can manifest as reactive
responses to changing consumer needs and/or disruptions caused by new business models. Therefore, it is
important that policies and actions that support increased awareness and education target the needs of SMEs with
low and medium levels of digitalisation differently.
Analysis revealed that both SMEs characterised by low and medium levels of digitalisation perceived the lack of
Commercial Off-The-Shelf Products (COTS) as a significant difficulty in their quest to digitalise.
Sub-sector specific observations
In the
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