Fe’l kesimli gaplar qoida

FE’L KESIMLI GAPLAR

Qoida 1: Fe’l kesimli gaplarnig kesimi fe’l bilan ifodalanadi va ish-harakatning bajarilishini bildiradi. Tuzilishi quyidagicha:

Affirmative (Darak Gap)

I

We

You

They + Verb 3

He

She

It

Masalan: I worked in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a department store.

Interrogative sentence (So’roq Gap)

I

We

You

Did + They + Verb 1

He

She

It

Masalan: Did I that work in a department store before?

Negative sentence (Inkor Gap)

I

We

You

They did+not+V₁

He

She

It

Masalan: Before that I didn’t work in a department store.



Qoida 2:

1.Who so’roq olmoshi ega vazifasida “kim” to’ldiruvchi vazifasida “kimni”, “kimga”, “kim bilan”, “kim uchun”, “kimdan”, “kim haqida” ma’nolarini anglatadi. “Who” so’roq olmoshining gapda ega yoki to’ldiruvchi ekanligini gapning tuzilishiga qarab aniqlanadi.

1. 
   

   Wh+ V1?

   Masalan:_For_whom_did_you_want'>Masalan:_Who_had'>Egaga savol berishda “who” dan keyin darhol kesim keladi.
   

Masalan: Who had a dictionary?

Who knew his phone number?

To’ldiruvchiga savol berishda “who” dan keyin yordamchi fe’l “did” keladi. Agar fe’l predlogli bo’lsa, predlog gapning oxirida yoki boshida kelishi mumkin.

Who+did+S + V1 +preposition?

Masalan: Who did you go to school with?

Preposition+whom+ did+S+ V1?

Masalan: For whom did you want to buy these flowers?

2. 
   To’ldiruvchiga savol berishda kesim pedlogsiz fe’l bilan ifodalangan bo’lsa, quyidagichs holatda bo’ladi:
   

Who/whom+did+ +V₁


Masalan: Who did you meet at school? Whom did they call at night?

Signal so’zlar:

just now (hozirgina)	that time (o’sha vaqtda)	in march (mart oyida)
yesterday (kecha)	that day (o’sha kun)	in 1990 (1990-yilda)
ago (avval)	once (bir paytlar)	from 1990 to 1995 (1990-yildan 1995-yilgacha
then (o’shanda)	at 5 today (bugun soat 5 da)	during the war (urush paytida)
the other day (o’tgan kun)	on Monday (dushanba kuni)	last week/month/year/… (o’tgan haftada/oy/yil)

Q oida 3:

O’tgan zamonda aniq bir vaqtda sodir bo’lib, tugallangan harakat va holatni Past Simple zamoni ifodalaydi.Odatda bir martalik ish-harakat ifodalanadi va vaqt ko’rsatiladi.

Masalan: She had a headache yesterday. She did the task last night. I didn’t have time to visit the Eiffel Tower then. Did you have a bike when you were a child? I saw Nick the other day.
Q oida 4:

O’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lganligi so’zlovchi va tinglovchiga allaqachon ma’lum bo’lgan gaplarda vaqt ko’rsatilmasa ham bo’ladi va Past Simple zamonida ishlatiladi.

Masalan: How did the burglar break in without anybody hearing him? Popov invented the radio. Did Shakespeare write many plays? Jack London wrote many novels.

Q oida 5:

O’tgan zamonda ketma ket sodir bo’lganish-harakatlarni Past Simple zamoni ko’rsatadi va ko’pincha “next” (keyin), “then” (keyin) kabi so’zlar ishlatiladi.

Past Simple “next” (keyin), “then” (keyin)
Masalan: The burglar came in through the front door, picked up the woman’s handbag, emptied it out and stole her purse. Then, the burglar went into the front room, opened all the cupboards and took a valuable collection of CDs.

Qoida 6:

O ’tgan zamonda odatiy, takroriy harakatni va shuningdk ortiq rost bo’lmagan harakatlarni Past Simple ko’rsatadi.

Masalan: Last year I bought newspapers each morning. Nick smoked much ten years ago. When her son got older, he often went out to visit his friends after school.

Qoida 7:

O’tgan zamonda kesimga alohida urg’u berish uchun “did” fe’lidan foydalaniladi.

Masalan: A: Why didn’t you clean the room yesterday?

B: But I did clean it.
Present Perfect va Past Simple zamonlarining farqi:

1.

Present Perfect	Past Simple
(Tugagan, vaqti ko’rsatilmagan va natijasi hozir ko’rinib turgan harakat)	(Tugagan, vaqti ko’rsatilgan va natijasi hozirga bog’liq bo’lmagan harakat)
John is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. (Jonda hozir kalit yo’q)	(Ten minutes later) Now John has found his key.he has it now. Has he lost his key? No he has found it. Did he lose his key? Yes, he did. He lost his key but now he has found it.
(Yaqinda sodir bo’lgan harakatlar uchun) “I’ve repaired the washing machine. It’s working OK now”. “Oh, that’s good” “Sally has had a baby. It’s a boy. “That’s great news” Tom has lost his key. He can’t get into the house.	(Ancha oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlar uchun) Mozart was a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music. My mother grew up in Italy. Tom lost kis key yesterday. He couldn’t get into the house.
(Hozirga qadar davom etayotgan vaqt oralig’ida sodir bo’ladigan ish-harakatlar uchun) I have done a lot of work today. Have you seen Ann this morning? (Hali ham ertalab). We’ve been waiting for an hour. (Hali ham kutyapti) Jack lives in Los Angeles. He has lived there for seven years.	(o’tib ketgan vaqt oralig’ida sodir bo’lgan ish harakatlar uchun.) I did a lot of work yesterday. Did you see Ann this morning? (ertalab o’tib ketdi) We waited for an hour(ortiq kutmayapti) Jack lived in New York for ten years. Now he lives in Paris.
(Ta’tilning so’nggi kunida) It’s been really good holiday. I’ve really enjoyed it.	(Ta’tildan kelgandan so’ng) It was a really good holiday. I really enjoyed it.

2. “When”, “what time” bilan so’roq berilganda Past Simple zamoni ishlatiladi.

Masalan: when did you come? When did Mr. Tompson die? What time did you get there?

3. Vaqti ko’rsatilmagan tugagan harakat haqida birinchi marta gapirilsa, Present Perfect, agar fikr davom etsa Past Siple zamoni ishlatiladi.

Masalan: A: Oh! I’ve burnt myself.

B. how did you do it?

A: I picked up a hot dish.
4. Present Perfect va Past Simple da “for” ning ishlatilishi:

Present Perfect	Past Simple
Bill Murphy has worked for the policy force for over seventeen years. (Hali ham ishlaydi).	Bill Murphy worked for the policy force for over seventeen years. (ilgari ishlagan).
I have lived in Tashkent for 3 years. (Hali ham yashaydi)	I lived in Tashkent for 3 years. (Ilgari yashagan)