Materials and research methods.
GIS in the agricultural sector is based on Remote Sensing of the
Earth, and not only people involved in agricultural activities are interested in it, but also the state
itself. Farmers will be able to correctly and efficiently plan the activities carried out on the
agricultural plot, thereby reducing costs and increasing the quantity and quality of the crop.
And the state uses the data obtained with the help of GIS systems for the purpose of compiling
inventories, assessing and monitoring the targeted use of land. There is also a third group of
interested people, these are investors. Created maps in the GIS system using Earth sensing will be
able to convey to investors the attractiveness of the selected area, and will allow for the correct
calculation of payback, risk, profit, taking into account all the features of the land.
The agricultural sector of Uzbekistan since ancient times has been important in the
country's economy. As in any other field, the goal of the state is to achieve high profitability of
production, but at the same time not to harm the environment. You can achieve your goals by
making the right managerial decisions, the basis of which should be reliable information.
In almost all enterprises, production information is stored in programs such as Excel, 1C, etc.
However, this information and indicators is difficult to associate with important parameters, such as
weather, for example. Modern geographic information systems allow not only to relate this data to
each other, but also to try it on the field and make it possible to view changes in the field by day,
week, month.
Information on agriculture is more of a geographical nature, so it is advisable to use
geographical information systems (GIS). The GIS program allows you to reproduce the real form of
agricultural land, only on a certain scale. The reconstruction of such a graphic picture is based on
information from external databases. GIS allows you to make an informed decision. Say we have a
certain land acquired for the purpose of growing crops, the question arises of the distribution of
crops in the agricultural land. In this case, GIS can play an important role, theoretical knowledge
must first be implemented on a reduced scale. Creating such plans in a GIS will save time and
reduce losses.
There are many problems in agriculture, one of which is land degradation. Land degradation is the
quantitative and qualitative deterioration of soils, which lead to a decrease in land fertility. Thanks
to satellite data, it is possible to analyze the composition of the earth at the global level, which will
allow using the comparison method. To measure soil degradation, the NDVI indicator (vegetation
activity index) is used. Using NDVI and satellite data, it is estimated that for the period 1981-2006,
the world economy received less than $ 300 billion of agricultural products. Satellite data, as a rule,
are informative in nature, and are most reliable, since a routine soil survey is carried out once every
3 or 5 years.
The location of rivers and canals plays a special role in the development of agriculture. Sources of
water resources, the amount of water in river beds, the direction of the channels, all this information
can be found thanks to satellites. Information obtained from remote sensing of the earth is analyzed
using
GIS
technology.
This
can
be
most
clearly
expressed
in
ArcGIS.
Images of the earth’s surface taken from space are taken as a raster basis, and information on
hydrological networks from a database, for example, the Ministry of Water Resources of
Uzbekistan, is taken as a vector basis. In constructing this type of map, it is advisable to use the
Hydrology tool. Using such a compiled map, you can correctly place a new farm or think about
supplying water to existing ones.
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